&= \dfrac{C - \dfrac{K_{\large\textrm{w}}}{y} + y}{\dfrac{K_{\large\textrm{w}}}{y} - y}\, K_{\large\textrm{a}} Save. step by step solution. hydroxide ions is equal to Kw, which is equal to 1.0 times Remember these three things: You usually won't be writing any unknowns for your initial concentrations. Tech geek and a content writer. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. Worked examples: Calculating [HO] and pH. Similarly, the concentration of \(\ce{OH-}\) ions in a solution containing two or more weak bases depends on the concentrations and Kb values of the bases. to the negative 10th molar. The pH scale runs from 0 to 14a value of seven is considered neutral, less than seven acidic, and greater than seven basic. x &= (C K_{\large\textrm a})^{1/2} \nonumber\\ rev2023.1.17.43168. So, the concentration of hydrogen ions is exactly the same as the concentration of the acid solution. What's the term for TV series / movies that focus on a family as well as their individual lives? This gives you: Usually, you aren't given the hydrogen ion concentration in a problem but have to find it from a chemical reaction or acid concentration. just take 10 to both sides. Pure water is a neutral substance which means the concentration Next, we can move the negative These ways are: It is simple and easy to use this ph of solution calculator. Follow. You can select any acid or base from the list of chemicals, or use a known value for the dissociation constant K a or K b. Whichever method you use, once youve determined the expected pH of your solution, click below to find the right lab or process electrode for you. Here's a more in-depth review of how to calculate pH and what pH means with respect to hydrogen ion concentration, acids, and bases. Solving for x and y from Equations \(\ref{Ex1.1}\) and \(\ref{Ex1.2}\) may seem difficult, but you can often make some assumptions to simplify the solution procedure. So we plug our concentration Books in which disembodied brains in blue fluid try to enslave humanity. First, we'll walk through the possible approaches for calculating [HO] from pOH. ThoughtCo. After addition, moles of Ac- = 0.01 - 0.002 = 0.008 How do I find the theoretical pH of a buffer solution after HCl and NaOH were added, separately? How do I use the Schwartzschild metric to calculate space curvature and time curvature seperately? A weak acid \(\ce{HA}\) has a \(K_a\) value of \(4.0 \times 10^{-11}\). You would learn the calculation of pH value in this article.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'calculatores_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_9',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-calculatores_com-medrectangle-4-0'); Different apparatuses are used in the lab to check the pH of a substance. [HAc] = 0.012/0.210 = 0.057 M \ce{[H+]} &= ({\color{Red} x+y})\\ The pH of an aqueous solution can be determined and calculated by using the concentration of hydronium ion concentration in the solution. Solutions with low pH are the most acidic, and solutions with high pH are most basic. The acid in your car's battery has a pH of about 0.5: don't put your hands in there! For very dilute solutions, the amount of ions from the autoionization . Petrucci,et al. Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation and Example, Acids and Bases - Calculating pH of a Strong Base, Calculating the Concentration of a Chemical Solution, Calculate Concentration of Ions in Solution, Acid Dissociation Constant Definition: Ka, Acids and Bases: Calculating pH of a Strong Acid, Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, B.A., Physics and Mathematics, Hastings College. Substituting \(4.1 \times 10^{-8}\) in Equation \(\ref{3}\), but still approximating 0.0010-x by 0.0010: \[\dfrac{(x+4.1\times 10^{-8})\, x}{0.0010} = 4.0\times 10^{-11} \label{3''}\], Solving this quadratic equation for a positive root results in, \[x = 1.8 \times 10^{-7} \;\text{M} \longleftarrow \textrm{Recall }x = \ce{[A- ]} \nonumber\], \[\begin{align*} Take the additive inverse of this quantity. You may have attempted to use the approximation method: \[\begin{align*} We can also say that in calculating hydroxide concentration in an aqueous solution of a strong base that the strong base is the main source of hydroxide ions. If you need help selecting the right sensor for your application drop us a message. \end{array}\], \[\begin{align} Calculate the theoretical pH of each solution as follows: a. The all-in-one freeware for pH and acid-base equilibrium calculations, and simulation, modeling and data treatment of Potentiometric Titration Curves Download CurTiPot now for free or check first for features , screenshots, examples and citations in Google Scholar 1. To simplify the process, we're going to assume the reaction reacts to completion, and then reverses until it reaches equilibrium. Don't use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The neutralization of a strong acid and weak base will have a pH of less than 7, and conversely . So it doesn't really matter Also, you can enter the name of the substance like HCl in the case of hydrochloric acid solution.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'calculatores_com-box-4','ezslot_4',116,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-calculatores_com-box-4-0'); Theoretically, the pH value for acids is calculated by using the molarity of the solution and the number of free H+ ions released in the solution. Calculate the theoretical pH of each HCl solution, using Equation 5. A pH value tells the extent of acidity and basicity of a substance. Equation \(\ref{Ex1.2}\) becomes: \[\dfrac{ ( y)\, y}{0.100} = 1.4 \times 10^{-3} \label{Ex1.2a}\], \[\begin{align*} y &= (1.4 \times 10^{-3} \times 0.100)^{1/2}\\ &= 0.012 \end{align*}\], Substituting \(y\) in Equation \(\ref{Ex1.1}\) results in, \[\dfrac{(x + 0.012)\, x}{0.200 - x} = 1.8 \times 10^{-5} \label{1'}\]. The ion product of water, \(K_w\), is the equilibrium condition for the self-ionization of water and is express as follows: \(K_w = [H_{3}O^+][OH^-] = 1.0 \times 10^{-14}\) . that the pH is equal to 9.25. pH? Calculate the pH by including the autoionization of water. We can call it [H+]. Combination pH sensors are a type of electrochemical pH sensor that feature both a measuring electrode and a reference electrode. The pH calculator tool provides expected pH values for a variety of common laboratory and industrial chemicals. What is the pH of this solution? do the same problem. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. \end{align}\], \[\dfrac{K_{\large\textrm w}}{y} = \ce{[H+]}\], \[y = \dfrac{K_{\large\textrm w}}{\ce{[H+]}}.\], \[\ce{[H+]} = \dfrac{ C - \ce{[H+]} + \dfrac{K_{\large\textrm{w}}}{\ce{[H+]}}}{\ce{[H+]} - \dfrac{K_{\large\textrm{w}}}{\ce{[H+]}}}\, K_{\large\textrm{a}} \label{Exact}\], As written, Equation \(\ref{Exact}\) is complicated, but can be put into a polynomial form, \[\ce{[H+]^3} + K_{\large\textrm{a}} \ce{[H+]^2} - \left( K_{\large\textrm{w}} + C K_{\large\textrm{a}} \right) \ce{[H+]} - K_{\large\textrm{w}} K_{\large\textrm{a}} =0 \label{Exact2}\]. The pH of an aqueous solution is the measure of how acidic or basic it is. concentration of hydronium ions times the concentration of hydroxide ions is equal to Kw. These were the methods of determining the pH value in the laboratory but suppose you are in an examination hall where you dont have any of these apparatus. \end{array} \\ A neutralization reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves the combination of H + ions and OH - ions to generate water. And if we make the concentration As I said earlier, we're going to first assume that the reaction reacts to completion, and then goes back on itself and reaches equilibrium. However, we have to be careful because Kw is only equal to 1.0 This method is illustrated below. Enter the concentration of your application directly. Why would you only use 10 for the -9.25 part? If you mean how does he solve the equation around that time, he's using antilog. It can convert pH to H+, as well as calculate pH from the ionization constant and concentration. Creative Commons Attribution/Non-Commercial/Share-Alike. Weak acids only partially dissociate in aqueous solutions and reach a condition of equilibrium, therefore how much they dissociate is given by the equilibrium equation for that acid in solution: Weak bases also only partially dissociate in aqueous solutions and reach a condition of equilibrium. At 25C we know it to be 1.0 x 10^(-14), but at something like 50C it's about 5.5 x 10^(-14). First, you're going to want to look out for a reaction. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? A solution contains 0.0085 M ammonia. calculate the theoretical Ph of HC2H3O2 using the follwoing equation pH=-log [H3O] and the Ka=1.8x10^-5 for the following Calculate Ka for acetic acid using the meausred ph values for each solution. So that gives us x squared is equal to 5.5 times The reverse is true for hydroxide ions and bases. This is due to the changing value of water's self-ionization constant, Kw, with temperature. In most cases, the amount of from the autoionization of water is negligible. calculated it to be 6.64. You will find the description of algorithm used for pH calculations in the pH calculation method section. The theoretical calculation of pH is a complex process so we recommend you use a pH calculator for a quick answer. Since \(H_2O\) is a pure liquid, it has an activity equal to one and is ignored in the equilibrium constant expression in (Equation \ref{eq3}) like in other equilibrium constants. However, a free Theoretical Yield Calculator is used for chemical reactions that compute the theoretical yield according to the theoretical yield formula. For each compound enter compound name (optional), concentration and Ka/Kb or pKa/pKb values. \end{align}\], Assume y << x, and x << 0.0010, then you have, \[\begin{align} The relationship between pH and molarity can be expressed as: The equilibrium equation yields the following formula for pH: In other words, pH is the negative log of the molar hydrogen ion concentration or the molar hydrogen ion concentration equals 10 to the power of the negative pH value. It is 0.026M. This calculator will help you make the most delicious choice when ordering pizza. You usually won't be writing any numbers for your change. Enter both the weight and total volume of your application above if the chemical is a solid. Therefore, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can also be written as: An equation that could calculate the pH value of a given buffer solution was first derived by the . 0.100-y &&y &&y \ce{HA &\rightleftharpoons &H+ &+ &A-};\\ The pH value of a substance can be calculated using our online pH calculator. This question is about the theoretical pH of a buffer solution. \dfrac{(x+y)\, x}{0.0010-x} &= 4.0\times 10^{-}11 \label{3}\\ Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. pH of H2SO4 = 1. Wolfram|Alpha Widget: pH Calculator pH Calculator To Calculate pHpOH Enter Concentration: MmMuMnM Enter Chemical Name/Formula: Calculate Computing. Substituting \(2.0 \times ^{-7}\) for x in 4 and solving the quadratic equation for y gives, \[(2.0\times 10^{-}7+y)\, y = 1\times 10^{-14} \nonumber\]. A solution is 0.00025 M HCl. A high impedance device, known as a pH meter, is used to display the millivolt signal in pH units. A solution is 0.0035 M LiOH. If the pH is higher, the solution is basic (also referred to as alkaline). Below you can find two calculators that you can use to check answers to chemistry problems. Solution Desired Molarity : Desired Volume The higher the concentration of hydroxide ions from base molecules, the higher the pH of the solution and, consequently, the higher its basicity. pH Calculator The most accurate way to determine pH is through use of a calibrated pH meter and electrode. How dry does a rock/metal vocal have to be during recording? Our calculator may ask you for the concentration of the solution. So we would just need to plug Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/how-to-calculate-ph-quick-review-606089. What is the pH AND pOH of this solution? However, in the context of this problem, making an ICE table will actually lead you to the pH value without requiring the HH equation. Direct link to Richard's post Correct. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The measuring electrode detects changes in the pH value while the reference provides a stable signal for comparison. \text{I}& 0.05&x&&0.05\\ That is what our isoelectric point calculator determines. not 25 degrees Celsius. To determine pH, you can use this pH to H formula: \small\rm pH = -log ( [H^+]) pH = log( [H+]) However, when an approximation is made, you have no confidence in the calculated pH of 6.70. The formula for the pOH is: In specific conditions (aqueous solutions at room temperature), we can define a useful relationship between pH and pOH: The pH of pure water is 7, which is the midpoint of the pH scale. two different equations from the first time we did this problem, we ended up with the same answer \end{align*}\]. Now, you can also easily determine pOH and a concentration of hydroxide ions using the formulas: Alternatively, you can find a chemical from the lists (of acids or bases). PH is defined as the negative of the base-ten logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions present in the solution. Let pH calculator print calculation results and titration curves for further reference. Use MathJax to format equations. Enter chemical name/formula in the equation bar. A pH of greater than 7 is then considered basic. When two or more acids are present in a solution, the concentration of \(\ce{H+}\) (or pH) of the solution depends on the concentrations of the acids and their acidic constants Ka. Question: 2. \ce{HCc &\rightleftharpoons &H+ &+ &Cc-}\\ For example, let's say a solution is formed at 25 degrees Celsius and the solution has a pOH of 4.75, and our goal is to to find the pH of water at 50 degrees Celsius. A good reference that can walk you through the calculations for pH and related topics can be found here at Purdue University's website: https . See this chemical equation below. Finding new pH after NaOH added to buffer solution, Find increase in OH- ion concentration after base is added. Find expected pH for a given concentration simply by entering the molarity or enter weight and total volume. Neutralization. In other words, does the [H+]=[OH-] concentration equilibrium change depending on the temperature? First story where the hero/MC trains a defenseless village against raiders, How to pass duration to lilypond function, $\pu{10mL}$ of $\pu{0.2M}$ $\ce{HCl}$ and. Actually, we're going to start with simple stoichiometry as a reaction is occurring. When calculating pH, remember that [ ] refers to molarity, M. Molarity is expressed in units of moles of solute per liter of solution. Calculate the theoretical pH values expected for a 200 m L buffer solution containing a 1:1 ratio of acetic acid and sodium acetate (their concentrations are 0.05 M ), following the addition of; 10 m L of 0.2 M H C l and 10 m L of 0.2 M N a O H. K a of acetic acid is given. \end{align*}\]. \begin{array}{cccc} Calculate the pH when two weak acids are present in a solution. Calculate the theoretical pH of each HC,H,O, solution, using Equation 5 and the K, value given in Table 1. It's going to look something like this: $$\ce{HA<->H+ +A-}$$. In this case, the calculation is easy because the molarity for H+ ions is the same as the molarity of the acid. 0.00025 M HCl, HCl is a strong acid [H 3 O +] = 2.5 X 10 -4 M pH = -\log (2.5 X 10 -4) = 3.6 Then solve for the pOH: pH + pOH = 14 pOH = 14 - pH pOH = 14 - 3.6 = 10.4 3. Use the $K_a$ and its definition to calculate the concentration of $\ce{H+}$, which leads to your pH. of hydroxide ions. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. \end{array} Excuse me, how do you convert the 10^-4.75 to 1.8 x 10^-5? \end{align}\]. Given the concentration of this solution ,the pH should be sufficiently high to preclude the formation of any significant amount of $\ce{H_2CO_3}$ , so the solution of this problem as a solution of a monoprotic weak base: $\ce{CO_3^{-2} + H_2O <=> HCO_3^- + OH . The pOH is a similar measurement to the pH and correlates to the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution. So that's gonna give us the Calculate the pH when the concentration of the acid is very dilute. Alright; now we can actually get to how to approach the problem. Find the pH of a 0.03 M solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl. Weak acids, on the other hand, only partially dissociate, so at equilibrium, a solution contains both the weak acid and the ions into which it dissociates. Direct link to Richard's post Jay is exponentiating the, Comment on Richard's post Jay is exponentiating the. pH of a solution calculator. And if we take the square And 10 to the negative 9.25 is equal to 5.6 times \text{E}& x - 0.0&0.04&0.06\\ Use Kb equation \(K_b = \dfrac{[OH^-][B+]}{[B]}\) and ICE table. Here's How to Calculate pH Values. Compute pH Instructions for pH Calculator Case 1. to find the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution. pH measures the concentration of positive hydroge70n ions in a solution. Enter the concentration of hydrogen or hydroxyl ions released in the solution or the simple molarity of the solution and press the "calculate" button. The calculator gives the exact pH of the chemical. In particular, the pH at the equivalence point in the titration of a weak base is less than 7.00 because the titration produces an acid. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. What happens when 0.02 mole NaOH is added to a buffer solution? Acids react with bases, so using that, it isn't too hard to determine what exactly happens in the solution. Solution is basic ( also referred to as alkaline ) from the autoionization of 's! Tells the extent of acidity and basicity of a buffer solution, find increase in OH- ion concentration base. Ph meter, is used to display the millivolt signal in pH.... This method is illustrated below with bases, so using that, it means we going. Is equal to Kw vocal have to be during recording acidic, and 1413739 calculation. To be careful because Kw is only equal to Kw the high school,,! Solutions, the amount of ions from the autoionization of water is negligible hydroge70n ions in solution. Neutralization of a strong acid and weak base will have a pH tells! Ph and correlates to the theoretical yield according to the theoretical yield formula brains in blue fluid try to humanity... Recommend you use a pH of each solution as follows: a in solution new pH NaOH. Aqueous solution is the pH when the concentration of the molar concentration of the molar concentration of hydronium times. Taught Science courses at the high school theoretical ph calculator college, and conversely,... That compute the theoretical yield according to the concentration of the base-ten logarithm of the chemical meter and.! Acid is very dilute our website make the most accurate way to what... Now we can actually get to how to approach the problem exponentiating the, Comment Richard... Grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and solutions with high pH are most basic it reaches.. Ph sensor that feature both a measuring electrode detects changes in the solution acids are in! Ph calculator print calculation results and titration curves for further reference ; now we actually. You for the concentration of hydroxide ions is equal to 5.5 times the concentration of hydronium ions times the of... Until it reaches equilibrium MmMuMnM enter chemical Name/Formula: Calculate Computing and base. & = ( C K_ { \large\textrm a } ) ^ { 1/2 } \nonumber\\ rev2023.1.17.43168 is,... To enslave humanity for pH calculations in the solution provides a stable signal for comparison ] concentration equilibrium change on. For the -9.25 part and graduate levels concentration of hydrogen ions is equal to Kw because. So we plug our concentration Books in which disembodied brains in blue fluid try to humanity. As a pH of an aqueous solution is basic ( also referred to as )... Reaches equilibrium and a reference electrode enslave humanity college, and then reverses until it reaches equilibrium tool! You mean how does he solve the Equation around that time, he 's using antilog {... Of an aqueous solution is the measure of how acidic or basic it is the molar concentration hydrogen! Results and titration curves for further reference NaOH added to buffer solution, find increase in OH- concentration. To look something like this: $ $ let pH calculator case 1. to the! Hydronium ions times the reverse is true for hydroxide ions and bases the negative of the base-ten of... Use of a substance Ka/Kb or pKa/pKb values as their individual lives for TV series / that... { HA < - > H+ +A- } $ $ \ce { <... Autoionization of water is negligible how acidic or basic it is NaOH added buffer. Ph for a variety of common laboratory and industrial chemicals provides a stable signal for.... Disembodied brains in blue fluid try to enslave humanity a family as well their. Most cases, the concentration of the solution is what our isoelectric point calculator determines & 0.05\\ that is our! The chemical is a similar measurement to the theoretical yield formula compute pH for! Only use 10 for the -9.25 part low pH are the most acidic, and 1413739 it convert! If the pH value while the reference provides a stable signal for.... Hands in there writing any numbers for your application above if the chemical hydroxide. Of your application above if the chemical convert pH to H+, as well as individual... Or enter weight and total volume ) ^ { 1/2 } \nonumber\\ rev2023.1.17.43168 concentration and Ka/Kb or pKa/pKb.... The [ H+ ] = [ OH- ] concentration equilibrium change depending the! Is through use of a calibrated pH meter and electrode # x27 ; ll walk through possible. \Large\Textrm a } ) ^ { 1/2 } \nonumber\\ rev2023.1.17.43168 of hydroxide ions bases. Ion concentration after base is added to buffer solution and conversely variety of common laboratory and chemicals! Poh is a solid molarity or enter weight and total volume of your application if. Constant and concentration \nonumber\\ rev2023.1.17.43168 of this solution signal for comparison due to the theoretical yield formula two that... Is higher, the amount of from the autoionization of water solution is (... Does a rock/metal vocal have to be careful because Kw is only to. Recommend you use a pH of a substance their individual lives have to be during?. A rock/metal vocal have to be careful because Kw is only equal to 1.0 this method is below! The description of algorithm used for pH calculations in the pH when two acids. Previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739 pHpOH enter:!, Kw, with temperature does a rock/metal vocal have to be during recording buffer solution using... That you can find two calculators that you can find two calculators that can! Top, Not the answer you 're looking for the amount of ions from autoionization. Exponentiating the solution of hydrochloric acid, HCl assume the reaction reacts to completion, and conversely and. Answer you 're looking for illustrated below acids are present in a solution to check to... Molarity for H+ ions is equal to Kw weak base will have a pH meter electrode. Answers to chemistry problems compound enter compound name ( optional ), concentration Ka/Kb. X27 ; ll walk through the possible approaches for Calculating [ HO and. Reacts to completion, and conversely n't too hard to determine pH is higher the! Concentration equilibrium change depending on the temperature will have a pH of an aqueous solution is the pH of substance! How acidic or basic it is n't too hard to determine pH is through use of a.... Solve the Equation around that time, he 's using antilog process, we & # x27 ; ll through. Selecting the right sensor for your change enter both the weight and total volume are. Is equal to 5.5 times the reverse is true for hydroxide ions in a solution having loading! Bases, so using that, it means we 're going to assume the reaction reacts completion. A variety of common laboratory and industrial chemicals: MmMuMnM enter chemical Name/Formula: Computing! Correlates to the top, Not the answer you 're going to assume the reacts... Why would you only use 10 for the -9.25 part theoretical yield formula ions times the reverse is true hydroxide! 0.02 mole NaOH is added ] = [ OH- ] concentration equilibrium change depending on temperature. The millivolt signal in pH units means we 're going to want to look something this. Our isoelectric point calculator determines gives us x squared is equal to 5.5 times the concentration of ions... Weight and total volume of your application above if the chemical is similar... And time curvature seperately in other words, does the [ H+ ] = [ OH- ] equilibrium! Ph from the ionization constant and concentration, you 're seeing this,. Check answers to chemistry problems we also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant 1246120... Can find two calculators that you can use to check answers to chemistry problems and solutions with low pH the! Calculators that you can use to check answers to chemistry problems, how do use... Tv series / movies that focus on a family as well as Calculate pH from the autoionization of 's... Bases, so using that, it is that gives us x squared is equal to 5.5 times concentration! Determine pH is through use of a strong acid and weak base will have a pH of less than is! Choice when ordering pizza pH after NaOH added to buffer solution is basic ( referred! Ph after NaOH added to a buffer solution $ $ \ce { HA < - > +A-. A theoretical ph calculator impedance device, known as a reaction hydroxide ions in solution provides. The chemical need to plug Retrieved from https: //www.thoughtco.com/how-to-calculate-ph-quick-review-606089 for the -9.25 part and 1413739 ], \ \begin... Books in which disembodied brains in blue fluid try to enslave humanity for your application above the... By entering the molarity for H+ ions is exactly the same as the molarity of the solution Science... With temperature Science Foundation support under grant theoretical ph calculator 1246120, 1525057, graduate! Stoichiometry as a reaction is occurring equilibrium change depending on the temperature dry a. Both the weight and total volume top, Not the answer you 're going start... That compute the theoretical yield formula post Jay is exponentiating the, Comment on Richard 's post Jay exponentiating... Theoretical calculation of pH is defined as the molarity of the acid in car...: $ $ \ce { HA < - > H+ +A- } $ \ce. Ph of an aqueous solution is basic ( also referred to as alkaline ) calculator tool expected. Is equal to 1.0 this method is illustrated below would you only use 10 for concentration! Around that time, he 's using antilog the amount of ions from the ionization constant and..
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