Found dead (suicide or murder) five days later. The sultans further adopted in time many secondary formal titles as well, such as "Sovereign of the House of Osman", "Sultan of Sultans", and "Khan of Khans", these two meaning King of Kings and roughly ranking as "Emperor". [citation needed]. However, the Ottoman Caliphate too was abolished soon afterwards, and Abdulmecid II was utterly deposed and expelled from Turkey with the rest of the Ottoman dynasty on 3 March 1924. Again his brother, Mehmed I, who ended the Ottoman Interregnum, also held his post with a fief from Tamerlane; he took the title Sovereign of the House of Osman, Khan of Khans, Grand Sultan of Anatolia and Rumelia, and of the Cities of Adrianople and Philipopolis. During much of the Empire's history, the sultan was the absolute regent, head of state, and head of government, though much of the power often shifted to other officials such as the Grand Vizier. The Congress of Paris (1856) recognized the independence and integrity of the Ottoman Empire, but this event marked the confirmation of the empire’s dependency rather than of its rights as a European power. In the progressive decay that followed Sulayman’s death, the clergy (ulema) and the Janissaries gained power and exercised a profound, corrupting influence. Bulgaria, made a virtually independent principality, annexed (1885) Eastern Rumelia with impunity. Ottoman Dynasty.

[citation needed]. Romania (i.e., Walachia and Moldavia), Serbia, and Montenegro were declared fully independent, and Bosnia and Herzegovina passed under Austrian administration.

temporarily restored Turkish military prestige by his victory (1638) over Persia. The first Ottoman ruler to actually claim the title of Sultan was Murad I, who ruled from 1362 to 1389. the Ottoman Empire gradually lost its economic independence. Through a series of treaties of capitulation from the 16th to the 18th cent. These titles were known in Ottoman Turkish respectively as Hünkar-i Khanedan-i Âl-i Osman, Sultan us-Salatin and Khakan (the latter enlarged as Khakan ül-Berreyn vel-Bahreyn by Mehmet II, Bayezid II and Selim I, meaning "Khan of Khans of the Two Lands (Europe and Asia) and the Two Seas (Mediterranean and Indian)". However, the vassalage of the Ottoman Sultanate ended with the death of Tamerlane during the reign of the next Ottoman ruler, Sultan Murad II, who took the style Sultan ul-Mujahidin, Sovereign of the House of Osman, Khan of Khans, Grand Sultan of Anatolia and Rumelia, and of the Cities of Adrianople and Philipopolis. Within a century the Ottomans had changed from a nomadic horde to the heirs of the most ancient surviving empire of Europe. (The Unifier of Religion (Islam) or The Oneness of Islam), Before Orhan's proclamation of the dynasty, the tribe was known as the Bilecik Söğüt Beylik or Beys but was renamed Osmanlı in honor of Osman. The Ottoman siege of Constantinople was lifted at the appearance of Timur, who defeated and captured Beyazid in 1402. He was the first Ottoman ruler to adopt the imperial title of Padishah. The first rulers of the dynasty did not take the title of Sultan, but rather Bey, a title roughly the Turkic equivalent of Lord, which would itself become a gubernatorial title and even a common military or honorific rank.

The Ottoman dynasty, made up o the members of the Hoose o Osman (Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı), ruled the Ottoman Empire frae 1299 tae 1922, beginnin wi Osman I (nae coonting his faither, Ertuğrul), thou the dynasty wisna proclaimed till Orhan Bey declared himsel sultan.. References In the two successive Balkan Wars (1912–13), Turkey lost nearly its entire territory in Europe to Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and newly independent Albania. The nationalism of the Young Turks, whose leader Enver Pasha gained virtual dictatorial power by a coup in 1913, antagonized the remaining minorities in the empire.

The imperial family was deposed from power and the sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922 after the Turkish War of Independence. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, This article is about the historical royal family.