As it was the basis for the Cyrillic orthography of Mongolian, it is de facto the national language of Mongolia… One of the classifications of Khalkha dialect in Mongolia divides it into 3 subdialects: Central, Western and Eastern. Example: хутга (Central Khalkha),) hутага (Western Khalkha), гутага (Eastern Khalkha). The Khalkha dialect is the official language of Mongolia. It is understood by 90 percent of the country’s population as well as by many Mongols elsewhere. Birtalan, Ágnes (2003): Oirat. For example, the normative language uses proximal demonstratives based on the stem ʉː/n- (except for the nominative in [i̠n] and the accusative which takes the stem ʉːn-)[4] and thus exhibits the same developmental tendency as exhibited by Oirat. 2005: 36. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com. It is understood by 90 percent of the country’s population as well as by many Mongols elsewhere. Central Mongolian, Halh, Halha, Kalkh, Khalkha, Khalkha Mongolian, Mongol, Mongolian, OLAC resources in and about Mongolian, Halh. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a. Are you an expert on Halh Mongolian? 2005: 207 without further discussion include at least Shiliin gol and Ulaanchab into the Chakhar dialect. [10], Especially in the speech of younger speakers, /p/ (or /w/) > [ɸ] may take place, as in Written Mongolian qabtasu > Sünid [ɢaptʰǎs] ~ [ɢaɸtʰǎs] 'cover (of a book)'.[11].

Twenty-third edition. The initial letter х is pronounced in masculine words in Western Khalkha dialect as h (almost not heard) if the second consonant is voiceless, and is pronounced as gh in Eastern Khalkha. Mongolian languages, one of three families within the Altaic language group, spoken in Mongolia and adjacent parts of east-central Asia. 2005: 2,6-7, 91, but it follows, see Sečenbaγatur et al. [5] On the other hand, the spoken languages also makes use of paradigms that are based on the stems inʉːn- and inĕn-. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. While this reference is a bit fuzzy as it includes parts of Southern Khalkh into Chakhar, it does not mention stems like, e.g. https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Khalkha_Mongolian&oldid=367091, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khalkha-language, Altaic languages: The Mongolian languages. The Thirteen Khalkhas of the Far North are the major subethnic group of the independent state of Mongolia. From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. Both varieties share affricate depalatalization, namely, /tʃ/ > /ts/ and /tʃʰ/ > /tsʰ/ except before *i, while Southern Khalkha patters with Chakhar and Ordos in that it exhibits a dissimilating deaspiration, e.g. 2005: 207, 372-373, probably also Amaržargal 1988: 22-25. 2003: 210-228. [6] This seems to agree with the use in Chakhar Mongolian. In Mongolia, the Khalkha dialect, currently written in both Cyrillic and traditional Mongolian script(an… Spoken Oirat is similar to spoken Kalmyk, though written Oirat utilizes a variant of the old…. 2005: 237. It is understood by 90 percent of the country’s population as well as by many Mongols elsewhere. Svantesson, Jan-Olof, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlsson, Vivan Franzén (2005): This page was last modified on 20 November 2015, at 11:18. The Khalkha or Halh dialect is the standard written language of Mongolia. Sünid aman ayalγun-u geyigülügči abiyalaburi-yin sistem. 2005: 372, also see Svantesson et al. You’ll receive credits toward complimentary access to Ethnologue for every contribution that is vetted and accepted by our editors. Language Resources OLAC resources in and about Mongolian, Halh Alternate Names Central Mongolian, Halh, Halha, Kalkh, Khalkha, Khalkha Mongolian, Mongol, Mongolian With the closely related Buryat language, Mongol forms the eastern group of Mongolian languages. The Khalkha dialect (Mongolian script: Qalq-a ayalγu, Mongolian Cyrillic: Халх аялгуу Khalkh ayalguu) is a dialect of Mongolian widely spoken in Mongolia and according to some classifications includes such South Mongolian varieties such as Shiliin gol, Ulaanchab and Sönid. Example: хөтөл (Central Khalkha), көтөл (Western Khalkha), гөтөл (Eastern Khalkha). There are certain differences between normative and spoken Khalkha. [1] As it was the basis for the Cyrillic orthography of Mongolian,[2] it is de facto the national language of Mongolia. Among the main differences is the pronunciation of initial letter х in feminine words which is in Central Khalkha is pronounced as it is written, pronounced as kh in Western Khalkha and as g in Eastern Khalkha. *tʰatʰa > /tatʰ/. Mongolian State (2003): cp. [8], Khalkha may roughly be divided into Northern and Southern Khalkha which would include Sönid etc. Bläsing, Uwe (2003): Kalmuck. Sečenbaγatur et al. [7] The same holds for the distal demonstrative /tir/. …and differences in vocabulary, written Khalkha and Buryat differ from one another much more than do the closely related spoken dialects on which they are based. That condition also obtains for other Mongolian languages. Svantesson et al. 2003: 229-247.
Sečenbaγatur, Qasgerel, Tuyaγ-a, B. ǰirannige, U Ying ǰe, Mongγul kelen-ü nutuγ-un ayalγun-u sinǰilel-ün uduridqal. The Khalkha dialect (Mongolian script: ᠬᠠᠯᠬ ᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠣ Qalq-a ayalγu, Mongolian Cyrillic: Халх аялгуу Khalkh ayalguu) is a dialect of Mongolian widely spoken in Mongolia and according to some classifications includes such South Mongolian varieties such as Shiliin gol, Ulaanchab and Sönid. 2005: 143. The orthography of the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet is essentially based on the Central Khalkha dialect. The Khalkha dialect is the official language of Mongolia. In: Janhunen (ed.) 2005: 372, cp. Its spoken and written history consists of three periods: Old, Or Ancient, Mongolian; Middle Mongolian; and New, or Modern, Mongolian. Janhunen 2003: 179-180 mentions that such an approach might be possible. Sečenbaγatur et al. 2020. [9] However, Mongolian scholars more often hold that the border between Khalkha and Chakhar is the border between the Mongolian state and the Chakhar area of South Mongolia. This web edition of the Ethnologue may be cited as:  Eberhard, David M., Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.).

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Sečenbaγatur et al. The Khalkha dialect (Mongolian script: ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠣ Qalq-a ayalγu, Mongolian Cyrillic: Халх аялгуу Khalkh ayalguu) is a dialect of Mongolian widely spoken in Mongolia and according to some classifications includes such South Mongolian varieties such as Shiliin gol, Ulaanchab and Sönid. They number 1,610,400 (78.8%) of Mongolia's population (1989 figures).
[3] The name of the dialect is related to the name of the Khalkha tribe and the Khalkha river. In: Janhunen (ed.) The Khalkha dialect constitutes the basis for the official language of Mongolia. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Street 1957: 88, IPA in accordance with Svantesson et al. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Initial т is pronounced in Eastern Khalkha dialect as d. Example: талх (Central Khalkha),) талк (Western Khalkha), далх (Eastern Khalkha). If so, we invite you to join our Contributor Program. The other dialects, the number and grouping of which are controversial, are spoken predominantly in China. Khalkha-Mongolische Grammatik Poppe 1954 Grammar of Written Mongolian Poppe 1970 Mongolian Language Poppe 1991 Grammar of Mongolian Sanzheev 1959 Sovremennyj mongol'skij jazyk Sanzheev and Todaeva 1993 Mongol'skie jazyki Sanzheyev 1973 The modern Mongolian language Street 1963 Khalkha Structure Svantesson 1985 Vowel harmony shift in Mongolian … The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5.2 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the ethnic Mongol residents of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Sečenbaγatur et al. Mongolian is the official language of Mongolia and both the most widely spoken and best-known member of the Mongolic language family.