According to the CDC, 2.6 million Americans died in . Kinnunen and Haahti (2015) estimated a few years ago that the number of festivals is something between 500 and 800, and Finland Festivals, the umbrella association of 79 Finnish festivals, reported over 2 million festival visits in 2019 (Finland Festivals, 2020). Secondly, planning took place a few days before the festival by packing enough but not too much and making a schedule of the performances to be followed. Coachella, one of the most popular festivals in the country, grossed $114.6 million in 2017, setting a major record for the first recurring festival franchise to earn more than $100 million. 18 No. 3, pp. Scotland reported the biggest jump in music tourists, up 38% year-on-year to. Getz and Andersson (2010, 2020), as well as Getz and McConnell (2011), tested the event travel career model among participants of different sports events and concluded that it contained the following dimensions: motivations, travel styles, temporal and spatial dimensions, and event and destination choices. The aspect of combining fandom and career development has been studied in the framework of serious leisure in football fandom (Jones, 2000) and rock n roll fanatics' festival participation (Mackellar, 2009), but according to our knowledge not in the context of music festivals in general. Getz, D. (2007), Event Studies: Theory, Research and Policy for Planned Events, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Social practices include bonding, bridging, the sense of community and belonging (cf. 693-711. Can I integrate infographics into my blog or website? Write to Mahita Gajanan at mahita.gajanan@time.com. Motivation changed with expertise: for instance, festival fans wanted to maintain the aspect of novelty (Getz, 2007; Getz and Andersson, 2020) by visiting new festivals in different locations. Sofia, a metal fan, emphasized how metal festivals had peaceful participants who behaved themselves: In rap festivals there are like fifty reports to police per evening and in metal festivals there are none during the whole weekend. Suomi, K., Luonila, M. and Thtinen, J. 2, pp. Lashua, B., Spracklen, K. and Long, P. (2014), Introduction to the special issue: music and tourism, Tourist Studies, Vol. 29 No. Use is, however, only permitted with Overall, the. A suitable candidate for this is metal music, since it is exceptionally popular in Finland, metal fans are very loyal festival attendees (Kinnunen et al., 2019a), and there are several festivals that concentrate on metal music. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. I never bothered to count but I attend several hundred gigs a year. 270-283. Get in touch with us. Cole, S.T. Maslow, A.H. (1954), Motivation and Personality, Harper & Row, New York, NY. Location: Del Mar, California. 1, pp. The 2019 conference was based on the theme of 'Non-Communicable Diseases: A Crisis in Slow Motion', where delegates were given the . (2016) and Getz and Andersson (2020) defined career progression stages from introduction to mature career or lifestyle. 1, pp. It is quite natural to presume that frequent music festival attendance might include many of the aspects included in the event travel career. Fan practices include the production of fan culture, like writing fan fiction and communicating on the Internet about the fan interest, as well as consumption practices like collecting items related to fandom or attending events, and travelling because of it (Bolderman and Reijnders, 2017; Duffett, 2013, 2014). 1, pp. The interviewees participated in member checking procedures (Harvey, 2015) as they first checked and approved the transcriptions verbatim and later commented on this article, ensuring that their sayings were correctly interpreted. Please do not hesitate to contact me. (March 3, 2020). 164-181. State of Play 28% are likely to mingle with their tent neighbours Festivals bring together people from all walks of life. Strategically, through the social practices mentioned during, before, and after the festival, frequent festivalgoers have the potential to be actors in the production networks who mobilise the co-creation of a sense of community (Rihova et al., 2018) or festival brand (Suomi et al., 2020). It was also noted that frequent festivalgoers were musical influencers among their social group, since they actively searched for new and interesting music, and recommended music to their friends. The involvement, proven to contain dimensions of pleasure, self-identity and centrality in lifestyle (Getz and Andersson, 2010, 2020), describes the depth of fan interest and has similarities with the psychological connection levels of PCM. That was the driving force throughout the 1970s and 1980s until it became a profitable format.. Awareness and attraction describe a casual spectator whereas attachment and allegiance are more related to fandom. [Online]. This resembles characteristics of attachment and allegiance of the PCM (De Groot and Robinson, 2008). This consideration implies that organisers could benefit from frequent festivalgoers' expertise and willingness to participate in the festival's development practices both in marketing and management. The collective identity with other fans (see Cavicchi, 1998; Duffett, 2013; Hill, 2016), on the other hand, facilitates social interactions with strangers who have similar values and interests and with whom the sense of belonging is felt (Rihova et al., 2015). Get full access to all features within our Business Solutions. The profile characteristics are in line with previous research conducted at Finnish music festivals (Kinnunen, 2018; Kinnunen et al., 2019a). Talking about the evolution of the festival field, Kinnunen and others (2019a) argue that Nordic festivals have moved from many kinds of voluntary-based productions to more professional, business-oriented productions (see also Amberla, 2013). This was thanks to a rise in the number of people going to. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode. Skills development in turn is a fundamental part of an event travel career. 16-26. Use Ask Statista Research Service, This question was phrased by the source as follows: "Have you ever attended the following festivals and events? 39 No. Even though the number of interviewees was not high, the saturation point was reached, since the same practices were identified throughout the interviews. The number of visits is not equivalent to the number of visitors. Music itself has changed, as well, making festivals a bigger attraction for listeners. His Neighbors Sued Him, The Secret History of the Shadow Campaign That Saved the 2020 Election. Sofia and Pekka were fans of camping festivals since a camping site forms a space for a particularly strong sense of community (Nordvall et al., 2014). Overall, the music industry sector generated $23.1 billion in revenue in 2019 with recorded music according to IFPI data. Nurturing a community driven by purpose, through mentoring. Looking at the unique number of booked artists, the distribution is similar: out of 9,651 booked artists, 36.3% are Electronic, 16.0% Rock, 12.7% Pop and 11.5% Hip Hop. The lineup was headlined by Dashboard Confessional and G. Love & Special Sauce, and included Big Head Todd and the Monsters, Serena Ryder, Army Navy and The Appleseed Cast. In, Elevent. In the country of 5.5 million citizens, the number of festivals per capita is noteworthy, Finns participate actively, and the contents of festivals represent various artistic genres (for example, music, theatre, film, dance, literature and fine arts). We cover all genres of music. Furthermore, being able to control one's own alcohol consumption meant that the festivalgoer was able to see the performances, and not to miss them as Pekka illustrated: Sometimes it happened that an evening was kind of totally blacked out since you had drunk so much that you didnt remember anything of the evening's program, but nowadays it is fortunately really rare. This statistic is not included in your account. Get the best reports to understand your industry. 7 No. Month Held: September. 30 No. Studies on career development show that devotion to a specific leisure activity involving frequent event attendance modifies future behavior in motives, preferences and patterns, intending to fulfil needs that have been changed through accumulated experience ( Getz, 2007, 2008 ). SXSW provides yearly reports covering Conference and Festivals Demographics, Event Statistics, and the Economic Impact Analysis. Performance is important in sports hobbies because of measurement and the desire to improve the results. Furthermore, the practices related to frequent festival attendance might change over time. (2006), Integrating quantitative and qualitative research: how is it done?, Qualitative Research, Vol. Nonetheless, its approximately two million visitors in 2019 granted it a sizable margin to the roughly 750,000 festival fans visiting Polish Pol'and'Rock festival in 2019. please include a backlink to the respective infographic URL. In the context of the present study, frequent music festival attendance is expected to fulfil the characteristics of festival career development: if the introduction to festivals that is, the first festival experience was positive, it might lead to extensive festival attendance where the participant seeks new, positive and inspiring experiences at festivals. The purpose of the study is to compare features of career development and fandom in frequent festival attendance in the context of Finnish music festivals. 3, pp. The Tortuga Music Festival continues through Sunday. Parklife is an annual two-day music festival in Manchester, England and takes place in June each year.The festival predominantly features dance and electronic music, as well as pop and hip-hop artists.. Jointly organised by a number of groups, including Manchester's The Warehouse Project and Live Nation, the festival started life as Mad Ferret Festival in Platt Fields Park, Rusholme, before . (2006), A review of festival and event motivation studies, Event Management, Vol. 28 No. For instance, one might start attending festivals in different locations or countries, or attending festivals alone might become a new practice. We are happy to help. [2] In addition to live music, Hinterland features art, craft vendors, and camping. 2, pp. Both quantitative and qualitative data and methods were used in the study. Nordvall, A., Pettersson, R., Svensson, B. and Brown, S. (2014), Designing events for social interaction, Event Management, Vol. Live music attendees (including popular and classical music) are 23% more likely to report very good or excellent health. Funk and James (2001) developed a Psychological Continuum Model (PCM) to describe the depth of individuals' psychological connection to a sport or team. 7-20. 32 No. Based on music festival demographics, their average age is 32, and they are more likely to be male (59%) than female (41%). Additionally, she conducts her post-doctoral research project in UNIARTS Helsinki, focusing on the network management of arts productions. Festivals are a suitable environment for bonding and spending quality time with friends and family, as everyday routines are left behind. Staff Writer. 2019. Hence, the idol was not the object for fanaticism or social contact, but it created the circumstances and atmosphere that facilitated the sense of belonging between the members of the audience. Theyll fly to a show, get paid six figures, fly home, Bahl says. After an 18-month hiatus, concerts, festivals, sports, and other big events are expected to return to their pre-pandemic glory. Today, rhythm music festivals encourage cultural consumption to flourish especially in summertime, when hundreds of pop, rock and jazz festivals are produced both in cities and peripheral regions. Register in seconds and access exclusive features. The 1969 festival known as Woodstock took place from Aug. 15-18 in Bethel, New York, and would've been the biggest disaster in music festival history if not for the fabled musical performances and the harmonious spirit of the attendees. Thus, familial responsibilities were minimal for them. Qualitative analysis was executed using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006) for the interviews transcribed, since it was suited for analyzing those themes in more detail that were derived from literature of fandom and career development: motives and practices (social practices, skills and knowledge development, and appropriate behavior). Prentice, R. and Andersen, V. (2003), Festival as creative destination, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. Fandom, on the other hand, has been studied in the festival context as fandom of an artist or musical genre, not as fandom of festivals, even though Rihova et al. Jones, I. A paid subscription is required for full access. Amberla, K. (2013), Festivals in Finland, in Ngrier, E., Bonet, L. and Gurin, M. (Eds), Music Festivals, a Changing World, Michel de Maule, Paris, pp. Sinclair, G. and Dolan, P. (2015), Heavy metal figurations: music consumption, subcultural control and civilizing processes, Marketing Theory, Vol. (2005), Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. Communality and the sense of belonging built by festival attendees was a major building block for both fandom and career development; it was related to participation motives where the social atmosphere of festivals played an important role. The shared affect facilitated communication and encouraged bridging (Quinn and Wilks, 2016). For instance, the fans of heavy metal music tend to be very loyal metal festival attendees due to the music and like-minded participants (Kinnunen et al., 2019a), nurturing genre-based music tourism (Lashua et al., 2014). 239-245. Gardner, 2004). Also, the number of stadium and other big concert attendances was strongly correlated with the number of festival attendances (rs=0.233, p=0.000). The positive attitude was necessary, for instance, if the weather was not so good like Anna illustrated: If it's raining, I'm the one who thinks that I have to cheer up the folks (laugh).. Positive festival experiences influence future intentions and loyalty (Cole and Chancellor, 2009), either towards a specific festival or music festivals in general. Not all the festivalgoers become frequent attendees. He makes ice. and Caltabiano, M.L. They offered and enjoyed inclusivity of the festival: they could attend alone and yet not feel lonely; they talked to strangers and became friends with them; they smiled and were positive towards fellow attendees. Particularly, fans of festivals of a certain musical genre share feelings of belonging (Rihova et al., 2015) that extend to strangers who have mutual musical interests. Festivals have since evolved from the DIY, communal spirit of Woodstock, growing into mainstream businesses that reap profits and embrace corporate sponsorships, as more than 32 million people attend them each year, according to Billboard. [Online]. 2, pp. The other survey sample bias was towards female respondents since women tend to answer more eagerly research surveys (Smith, 2008). 18 No. Analysing tourist experiences of Wagner's Bayreuth, ABBA's Stockholm and U2's Dublin. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). Location: Kostrzyn nad Odra. Magazines, Digital See Figure 2 for concert attendances per attendee type. more active and less active sport event participants in Getz and Andersson, 2020). 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