Scientific research shows that in humans, BPA is quicklymetabolized and eliminated from the body it does not accumulate in blood or tissues. The review was documented in four memoranda and their attachments: Strong consumer and scientific interest in the safety of BPA has prompted FDA to support additional studies to provide further information and address apparent inconsistencies in the scientific literature about BPA. Bisphenol A (BPA, 80-05-7) is an organic compound used predominantly in the production of products made of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins that line food and beverage cans. . In recent years, many claims have been made about the health effects of BPA. Studying this sort of longterm, lowdose interaction is difficult, and although there have been numerous studies, there are considerable discrepancies in their conclusions regarding the nature of the effects observed as well as the levels at which they occur. FDAs Studies. Epoxy resins are typically formed by the reaction of compounds containing at least two active hydrogen atoms (polyphenolic compounds, diamines, amino phenols, heterocyclic imides and amides, aliphatic diols, etc.) [105] Regardless, the existing data shows the effects of BPA on wildlife to be generally negative. [36] It may be purified by recrystallisation from acetic acid with water. Dianin in 1891. The degree to which BPA leaches from polycarbonate bottles into liquid may depend more on the temperature of the liquid or bottle, than the age of the container. It belongs to the phenol class of aromatic organic compounds. [1]U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Draft Assessment of Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications, 14 August 2008. Epoxy vinyl ester resins (VER), Often shortened to vinyl esters, are an important class of high-performance thermoset molding resins. Epoxy groups located at both ends of the molecule can undergo reactions of ring-opening, cross-linking and solidity with amines, anhydrides, and other curing agents of epoxy resins. Bisphenol A was investigated in the 1930s during the search for synthetic estrogens. Although it is 1000- to 2000-fold less potent than estradiol, the major female sex hormone in humans. The internal rotation function of the ether bond increases the flexibility of the molecule, and the hydroxyl group enhances the chemical reactivity and the bonding ability, the epoxy group cross-links molecules into a three-dimensional network structure by reacting with a curing agent. FDA will continue to participate in discussions with our international regulatory and public health counterparts who are also engaged in assessing the safety of BPA. Polycarbonate plastic is used to make hard plastic items, such as baby bottles, re-useable water bottles, food containers, pitchers, tableware and other storage containers. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups. Whether you're producing perfume or PVC plastics, the chances are intermediates will . #12-03 Keck Seng Tower, FDAs current perspective, based on its most recent safety assessment, is that BPA is safe at the current levels occurring in foods. Over the following decade, coatings and resins derived from similar materials were described by workers at the companies of DeTrey Freres in Switzerland and DeVoe and Raynolds in the US. bisphenol A: [noun] an industrial chemical compound C15H16O2 that is a component especially of hard plastics (such as polycarbonate) and epoxy resins. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.
Health care providers depend on medical devices and equipment made with BPA for a transparent view within the human body so they can check for the presence of air bubbles or other obstructions during medical procedures. BPA can be found in a range of products, such as: plastic food storage containers, including: pitchers. BPA is regularly used to strengthen products for human health and safety. To improve the compatibility between flame retardant and epoxy resin (EP) matrix, amino phenyl copper phosphate-9, 10-dihydro-9-oxygen-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (CuPPA-DOPO) is synthesized through surface grafting, which is blended with EP matrix to prepare EP/CuPPA-DOPO composites. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. Poly(Bisphenol-A-co-epichlorohydrin) (PBE) is an epoxy based resin that is a phenoxy polymer derived from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. Lactational transfer of bisphenol A in Sprague-Dawley rats. Get info of suppliers, manufacturers, exporters, traders of Bisphenol Resin for buying in India. The results of the CLARITY Study, a 5+ year, multipronged U.S. federal government research program and the largest study ever done on BPA, confirm BPAs safety. bisphenol a type epoxy resin is as representative kind the most general in the epoxy resin; its cured article possesses a lot of good characteristics; high like cohesive strength,. The study orally dosed pregnant rodents with 100-1000 times more BPA than people are exposed to through food, and could not detect the active form of BPA in the fetus 8 hours after the mother's exposure. BPA is used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins that are essential to a wide variety of consumer and industrial products, including many applications important to public health and food safety. BPS differentiates from BPA by possessing a sulfone group (SO 2) as the central linker of the . This group may lie within the body of the molecule but is usually terminal. When possible, opt for glass, porcelain or stainless steel containers, particularly for hot food or liquids. Transfer to a pear-shaped separatory funnel to separate the liquid, continue washing and separating with deionized water until the solution turns to neutral from alkaline. . The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. Research studies pursued by FDAs National Center for Toxicological Research have [6]: Found evidence in rodent studies that the level of the active form of BPA passed from expectant mothers to their unborn offspring, following oral exposure, was so low it could not be measured. More than 140,000 products, 270,000 supply sources and 4,400 company addresses. The synthesis of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), the most widely used epoxy resin monomer, is: Is there concern that exposure to BPA can cause harm or result in serious diseases? [74] These interactions are all very weak, but exposure to BPA is effectively lifelong, leading to concern over possible cumulative effects.
Food cans and other metal containers may be coated with epoxy resin linings made with BPA to help prevent direct food contact with metal, which helps protect food from contamination and spoilage. 2010 Oct 1;248(1):1-11. h) Fisher JW, Twaddle NC, Vanlandingham M, Doerge DR. Pharmacokinetic modeling: prediction and evaluation of route dependent dosimetry of bisphenol A in monkeys with extrapolation to humans. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic. Chemical Name: Hydrogenated Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin CAS No. The molecular weight and the epoxy equivalent weight are controlled by the ratio of epichlorohydrin EPC:BPA. Abiotic degradation has been reported, but is generally slower than biodegradation. In addition to the FDA review process, FDAs Acting Chief Scientist asked five expert scientists from across the federal government to provide independent scientific review of these documents in the fall of 2009. The oligomers may vary in molecular weight from 340 and higher. [4] http://www.regulations.gov/document/FDA-2010-N-0100-0006. Epoxy resin, on the other hand, has been of substantial significance to engineering for many decades. Bisphenol A | C15H16O2 | CID 6623 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. Bisphenol Resin. NIEHS has a goal to ensure job opportunities and career enhancements programs for both our work force and our community. FDA continues to review the available information and studies on BPA. Extensive scientific dataabout BPA provides consumers with information about BPA safety and help put public confusion about BPA into perspective: If I buy a BPA-free product, is it safer? [12] A common criticism is that industry-sponsored trials tend to show BPA as being safer than studies performed by academic or government laboratories,[14][75] although this has also been explained in terms of industry studies being better designed. Compounds without a Phenanthrene Nucleus", "Bio-Based Aromatic Epoxy Monomers for Thermoset Materials", "European Union Summary Risk Assessment Report - Bis (2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP)", "Bisphenol S and F: A Systematic Review and Comparison of the Hormonal Activity of Bisphenol A Substitutes", "Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004", "The state of bisphenol research in the lesser developed countries of the EU: a mini-review", "An extensive new literature concerning low-dose effects of bisphenol A shows the need for a new risk assessment", "Bisphenol A and baby bottles: challenges and perspectives", "Consolidated federal laws of canada, Canada Consumer Product Safety Act", "MSC unanimously agrees that Bisphenol A is an endocrine disruptor - All news - ECHA", "EU court confirms BPA as substance of 'very high concern', "Estrogen biology: new insights into GPER function and clinical opportunities", "Global Assessment of Bisphenol A in the Environment: Review and Analysis of Its Occurrence and Bioaccumulation", "A critical analysis of the biological impacts of plasticizers on wildlife", Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione, 11-oxoandrostenedione), DHEA (androstenolone, prasterone; 5-DHEA), 7-Methyl-19-norandrostenedione (MENT dione, trestione), 11-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate, Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone), Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate), Methylclostebol (chloromethyltestosterone), Andarine (acetamidoxolutamide, androxolutamide, GTx-007, S-4), Enobosarm (ostarine, MK-2866, GTx-024, S-22), 3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17-ol, 10,17-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), 16,17-Epiestriol (16-hydroxy-17-estradiol), 17-Epiestriol (16-hydroxy-17-estradiol), Epiestriol (16-epiestriol, 16-hydroxy-17-estradiol), Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate), Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate), Triphenylmethylethylene (triphenylpropene), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bisphenol_A&oldid=1134371642, Short description is different from Wikidata, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Polycyanurates can be produced from BPA by way of its di-, Bisphenol-A formaldehyde resins are a subset of, BPA is used as an antioxidant in several fields, particularly in, Several drug candidates have also been developed from bisphenol A, including, Reprinted in condensed form in: A. Dianin (1892), This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 10:18. Brand Names: Not applicable . Some animal studies suggest that infants and children may be the most vulnerable to the effects of BPA. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) is a pale yellow liquid epoxy compound formed by the polycondensation of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and bisphenol A (BPA). PBE can be used as a reinforcing polymer on nanotubes and nanoparticles which can be useful in electronics, optical and aerospace based applications. Released in 2018 by the U.S. National Toxicology Program, the data supports FDAs one word answer to the question Is BPA safe?: Yes. 2010 Sep 1;247(2):158-65. d) Doerge DR, Twaddle NC, Vanlandingham M, Brown RP, Fisher JW. [90] This may be the mechanism by which BPA acts as a xenoestrogen. Use a solvent mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate (volume ratio 3:1) a developing solvent to purify it by column chromatography according to the above procedure to obtain DGEBA. Among the non-food sources, exposures routes include through dust,[10] thermal paper,[20] clothing,[19] dental materials,[69] and medical devices. Download or play NIEHS Health Chat's with a wide range of experts and topics. With more than half of the global demand, the Asian market will . Dianin in 1891. Find here online price details of companies selling Bisphenol Resin. Scientific Peer-Review of the Draft Assessment of Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications, 31 October 2008. FDA will also continue to consult with other expert agencies in the federal government, including the National Institutes of Health (and the National Toxicology Program), the Environmental Protection Agency, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cured epoxy resins are inert materials used as protective liners in metal cans to maintain the quality of canned foods and beverages, and have achieved wide acceptance for use as protective coatings because of their exceptional combination of toughness, adhesion, formability, and chemical resistance. Supplier. National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences Council - Day 1. BPA is fairly cheap to produce, as the synthesis benefits from a high atom economy and large amounts of both starting materials are available from the cumene process. Find out about the exciting discoveries being made by NIEHS and NIEHS-supported researchers that are helping to improve health and save lives. Recently completed a rodent subchronic study [7] intended to provide information that would help in designing a long-term study that is now underway (see below). Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin (EPOLAM 2017), and 3-minomethyl-3,5,5 trimethylclohexylamine hardener (EPOLAM 2018). By 2009, FDA released reassessments of studies cited in the NTP Monograph in addition to other relevant studies that became available after the Monographs release. [66][67][68] The primary source of human exposure is via food, as epoxy and PVC are used to line the inside of food cans to prevent corrosion of the metal by acidic foodstuffs. Order: 200 kg Qingdao Cemo Technology Develop Co., Ltd. [9][10] For epoxy resin, it is first converted to its diglycidyl ether (usually abbreviated BADGE or DGEBA). [73] Concern is mostly related to its estrogen-like activity, although it can interact with other receptor systems as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. Thanks to their high strength, versatility, and excellent adhesion to a variety of surfaces, epoxy resins have gained wide acceptance in diverse applications (coatings, electrical, casting resins, composites, etc.). Therefore, they are effective adhesion for most substrates such as glass, ceramics, silicon wafers, and polymer materials. Background. Due to its especially thick natural consistency, there will commonly be additives and diluents which are added into the Bisphenol-A epoxy formula to enhance workability and adhesion. German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Japanese National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. [7] As the only by-product is water, it may be considered an industrial example of green chemistry. Studies are different, and all are not of the same quality. FDA will update its assessment of BPA and will take additional action if warranted. [103], BPA is an environmental contaminant of emerging concern. [99] Regardless, the remaining 29% of BPA will continue through to the environment, with low levels of BPA commonly observed in surface water and sediment in the U.S. and Europe. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a diphenylmethane derivative, commonly used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and various other plastic-based consumer products. This process, also known as a one-step process, is commonly used for the preparation of low and medium molecular weight bisphenol A epoxy resins. The subchronic study was designed to characterize potential effects of BPA in a wide range of endpoints, including prostate and mammary glands, metabolic changes, and cardiovascular endpoints. Regardless, due to the scientific uncertainty, many jurisdictions have taken steps to reduce exposure on a precautionary basis. BPA is an industrial chemical used to make a hard, clear plastic known as polycarbonate. Epoxy is a synthetic resin that uses two chemical components (typically diglycidyl ethers and a combination of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin) to harden or cure. [95] Many of the largest sources of BPA pollution are water-based, particularly wastewater from industrial facilities using BPA. While they have high mechanical strength values similar to epoxy resins, they are easy to apply similar to unsaturated polyester resins. It is a colourless solid which is soluble in most common organic solvents, but has very poor solubility in water. [28], The synthesis of BPA still follows Dianin's general method, with the fundamentals changing little in 130 years. BPA is one of the most thoroughly tested chemicals in use today and has a safety track record of more than 50 years. This is further confirmed by CLARITY, as the results clearly show that BPA has very little potential to cause health effects, even when people are exposed to it throughout their lives, said Steven G. Hentges, Ph.D., Polycarbonate/BPA Global Group of the American Chemistry Council (ACC). Farbenindustrie reported the coupling of BPA and epichlorohydrin. An official website of the United States government. Furthermore, composite . It was originally produced from coal tar and was named carbolic acid. 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