Our analysis in 13 eastern and southern African countries shows that universal coverage of scientifically proven cost-effective interventions would reduce child deaths from the current 2 million to just 650,000. -o-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; The UNChronicleisnot an official record. #memberStatesIndex a { .node-sidebar-item-body ul li a:hover { padding-bottom: 0px; } max-width: 60%; As for children under 5, higher mortality countries are concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa. Manioc porridge, which forms the staple diet for many, does not contain enough proteins, fats or vitamins. .heading-center-underline { A significant expansion of children's access to antiretroviral treatment and PMTCT services for mothers is therefore essential, in order to have significant impact on infant and child mortality, which has shown to be the case in Botswana.In conclusion, opportunities exist to scale up child survival interventions through capitalizing on well-functioning and successful programmes, such as the Expanded Programmes of Immunization, relatively high antenatal care attendance and the Integrated Child Health campaigns. vertical-align: middle; max-width: 70%; box-shadow: 5px 5px 3px #f2f2f2; font-size: 2.5rem !important; } padding: 1em 1em; text-decoration: underline; border: solid 1px #000; height: 205px; font-size: 2em !important; Respiratory infections, diarrhea, and malaria remain important causes of under-five mortality after the first month of life (Liu and others 2016 ). background-color: #f5f5f5; /* **** adjusting for screen size ***** */ font-size: 14px !important; Leading causes of death in children under-5 years are preterm birth complications, birth asphyxia/trauma, pneumonia, congenital anomalies, diarrhoea and malaria, all of which can be prevented or treated with access to simple, affordable interventions including immunization, adequate nutrition, safe water and food and quality care by a trained health provider when needed. Dr. Shoo held various positions in health planning, health management and teaching, and served in various capacities in health with the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania. background-color: #f5f5f5; In addition, in the United States and worldwide, the most common causes of infant death in the first weeks after birth are different than those that occur later in the first year. Data compiled by the Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation reveals that progress has been made in every region of the world. This post was contributed by a community member. /* ********* some padding for side bar items ********** */ width: 50% !important; The data shows that progress is possible and that more can be achieved by scaling up programmes that deliver results, based on accurate information about what works. } padding-left: 2rem; width: 310px; To achieve this goal, both the public and private sectors have a crucial role to play. margin-top: 2rem; margin: 4rem 0 auto 0; font-size: 4rem; ul.spaced-list li { background: #eee; Get inspiration in your inbox!Join a community of change makers. OCHA coordinates the global emergency response to save lives and protect people in humanitarian crises. padding: 10px 0px; letter-spacing: normal; padding-right: 6px; } margin-bottom: 1em; #memberStatesIndex { /* ******* layout visual aid **** */ } color: #ffffff !important; padding: 5rem; .text-blue { ol.ol-decimal li, ol.ol-lower-latin li { .onimage_title { .blue-well a:hover { 1.20 Infant and child mortality. Instead of comprehensively analyzing the global poverty trend, this article discusses two major challenges to achieving the global targets: (i) the slow pace of poverty reduction in Eastern and Southern Africa and (ii) the lack of frequency and timeliness of poverty data. Both of these are the present economic, social and environmental conditions in which people live including health care. .carousel-caption.top-text { padding-right: 6px; } } margin: 1.5rem 0 2rem 0; Children who complete basic education eventually become parents who are more capable of providing quality care for their own children and who make better use of health and other social services available to them. A community newborn-care package -- including support for breastfeeding mothers, extra care for underweight babies, community-based management of pneumonia in neonates and treatment with oral antibiotic therapy -- is the most cost-effective intervention to reduce newborn mortality6.Recognizing the importance of the continuum of care, a recent publication, titled Opportunities for Africa's Newborns7, studied strengths, gaps and opportunities for integrating high-impact interventions for newborn mortality reduction with existing programmes at facility and community levels.Improving availability, use and quality of emergency obstetric and newborn care. text-align: left; .top-padding { /* ******************** end added by Gedi ***************** */. padding: 10px 0px; .blue-well p, .blue-well ol, .blue-well ul, .blue-well li, .blue-well a, .blue-well a:hover, .blue-well a:active { ul.underline-links li a, ol.underline-links li a { @media only screen and (min-width: 1200px) { G. Jones et al., "How many deaths can we prevent this year? font-size: 3rem; /* ******* phone ********** */ text-align: right; border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #333333; vertical-align: middle; display: none; He also served with the World Health Organization as Coordinator for southern Sudan and a medical officer for Somalia. margin-bottom: 3em; opacity: 0.7; Evidently, more and more people need more and more food, water and other resources to survive, possibly leading to devastating conflicts in the future. .node-sidebar-item-body .menu > li > a { In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 170* out of 1000 children under the age of five died in 2010, a figure that ranks among the highest in the world and could be compared to Sweden where the figure was three out of 100. } font-size: 4rem; h3.header-lg { In contrast, upgrading inferior health facilities involves far more extensive changes, such as connecting running water and electricity, adding new cadres of skilled attendants, Government authorization to mid-level health-care providers to perform live-saving functions, and provision of staff quarters to ensure they are available to provide 24-hour service.Integration of maternal, newborn and child health with prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) and pediatric AIDS. } ul.block-list li.leaf:before { border-bottom: none; } margin-right: 0.3em; /* font-weight: bold; */ } width: 95%; Half of all under-five deaths in 2019 occurred in just five countries: Nigeria, India, Pakistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ethiopia. border-bottom: 2px dashed #aaa; a.icon-blue-book::after { ol.ol-decimal, ol.ol-lower-latin { float: left; .carousel-caption.top-text p { opacity: 0.7; font-weight: 600; text-align: right; } Injuries (e.g., suffocation). } According to UNICEF's State of the World Children 2012 report. These basic conditions cannot be met by the health sector alone, but require inputs from others concerned with rural development. Substantial global progress has been made in reducing child deaths since 1990. Within classrooms, it is essential that the environment is one in which children can actively participate in the education process and in which resources are adequate to promote enthusiasm for learning. margin-top: 1em; Although the world as a whole has been accelerating progress in reducing the under-5 mortality rate, difference exist in under-5 mortality across regions and countries. } 2 Dead, 4 Minors Severely Injured In Oceanside Crash, San Diego Foundation Announces $3.5M in Scholarships Are Available, Police Fatally Shoot Armed Man After He Killed Woman, 3 Orphaned Bear Cubs Being Rehabilitated At Ramona Wildlife Center, Dog Rescued From Gorilla Enclosure At San Diego Zoo Safari Park, Giraffe Born With Disorder Treated With Leg Braces At Safari Park. padding: 0.5rem 1rem 1.75rem 1rem; h1.header-entry-page { margin-right: 50% !important; } border-right: 1px solid rgba(51,51,51,.2); Gastrointestinal infections (diarrhea/vomiting). -webkit-transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; font-family: FontAwesome; font-family: 'FontAwesome'; color:#009edb; The rise of injury deaths changes the nature of interventions to improve older child survival. border-bottom: #eeeeee dotted 2px; font-weight: 500; padding: 1rem 0 1rem 0; .carousel-caption.top-text { } .carousel-caption.top-text { margin-right: 0.3em; War, political instability, malnutrition, small health budget and bad roads - reasons why the child mortality rate in the DR Congo ranks among the highest in the world are many. Even though the annual growth rates are projected to decrease, the overall world population is expected to reach almost 10 billion in 2050. .eventitem { } Methods: A retrospective epidemiologic study linked birth-infant death data for 148,679 live births in Shelby County, Tennessee from January 2004 to December 2014. border-bottom: none; } .image-metadata { Severe lower respiratory disease. a.social-icon-android::after { As always, poor countries are particularly affected, as there generally is less access to education, especially for girls and women. Interventions delivered at community and household levels were found to have the highest impact (61%). margin: auto 0 1.5rem 0; bottom: 30px; width: 25% !important; Focused efforts are still needed in sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia to prevent 80 per cent of these deaths. Poor nutrition in women can lead to preterm. More than 80 percent of newborn deaths are due to prematurity, complications during birth or infections such as pneumonia and sepsis. Working with adolescents living in internally displaced peoples camps in Mindanao, Art, Development and Peace. width: 50% !important; Everyone can play a role in working to prevent pregnancy-related deaths and improving maternal health outcomes. /*padding: 35px 35px; border-top: 2px dashed #aaa; color: #337ab7; In South Darfur, Sudan, World Vision is providing nutritional care for children diagnosed with malnutrition. } #memberStatesIndex a { color: #337ab7; padding: 1em 1em; 622. All donations are tax deductible in full or in part. UNICEFs Child Survival Programme will contribute to building up the country's health system by supporting the DR Congo's own national health policy, and the programme is implemented in collaboration with the country's health ministry. As of March 2021, nearly 7,000 children below the age of 5 and 1,800 pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers have been treated with nutritional care for their acute malnutrition in Sudan. .carousel-caption.top-text button { } .node-sidebar-item-body { Poor nutrition in women can lead to preterm births and babies with low-birth weight. } @media only screen and (min-width: 992px) { padding: 0.5rem 1rem 1.75rem 1rem; ul.block-list li { .country { border: 1px solid #e3e3e3; ol.ol-decimal li, ol.ol-lower-latin li { } margin-bottom: 25px !important; UNICEF is therefore investing in staff training as well as in improving the flow of logistics so that vaccines and other medicines are in place when needed, and that they are stored properly. } font-weight: bold; Otherwise, we cannot truly make a dent in the very high disparities in infant mortality rates in the United States. However, there is no room for complacency. list-style-type: lower-latin; .caps { background: #eee; padding-top: 5px; border-bottom: dotted 0.1rem #ffffff; padding: 1.5rem 0; background: #009EDB; display: none; transition: all 0.25s ease-in-out; text-align: right; Despite these benefits, glaring gaps must still be filled to reduce the mortality rate, provide equitable access to quality health care among women and children, and improve outcomes for children who survive past the age of 5. margin-bottom: 10px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.19), 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.23); } Although nearly all women in Africa attend at least one antenatal care visit, only 40 per cent get assistance from a skilled attendant at birth. Child mortality is a big deal, and a lot of people are fighting to reduce it in the developing world. 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