Dickieson, Mistahimaskwa referred to the treaty as a dreaded rope to be about my neck. Mistahimaskwa was not referring to a literal hanging (which is what some government officials had believed), but to the loss of his and his peoples freedom, and Indigenous loss of control over land and resources. Morris reassured the First Nations that their way of life and survival would not be disturbed and guaranteed well into the future. As a well respected Cree leader during a time of strife, Sweet Grass attempted to lead his people as best as he could. Siksika (Blackfoot) is the language of Siksika Nation. For the first three years after the signing of the treaty, Indigenous peoples farming on reserves were entitled to $1,000 in agricultural provisions. [6], Due to the fact that Sweet Grass' Mother was captured by a Cree tribe, it is unknown if she partook in the established birthing and naming traditions. Why was Treaty 6 so important? Harold Cardinal and Walter Hildebrand, Treaty Elders of Saskatchewan: Our Dream is that Our Peoples Will One Day Be Clearly Recognized As Nations (2000). British Columbia joined confederation in 1871 and was promised a railway to connect them to eastern Canada. [41] Some of the Plains Cree simply could not accept peace with the Blackfoot. We had a great starvation the past winter, and the smallpox took away many of our people, the old, young, and children. [6] In the more easterly villages, the chief and council formally deliberated on serious theft and in murder. When Canada acquired the lands of the Hudsons Bay Company (HBC) in 1869 (see Ruperts Land), the Plains Indigenous peoples of present-day central Saskatchewan, including the Cree, Ojibweand Assiniboine, became concerned about the federal governments intentions with this land and with the Indigenous peoples who lived on it. The manager of the HBC post at Fort Carlton, Lawrence Clarke, wrote to government officials that same summer, alerting them that the Cree had also threatened to turn back telegraph workers who were trying to construct a line from Winnipeg to Edmonton. Wah-wee-kah-oo-tah-mah-hote was chief from 1876 to 1883; but he was deposed in 1884, and Young Sweet Grass became chief. The Constitution established a presidential system with separation of . Even though Big Bear publicly and consistently spoke against sighing treaties, by 1882 starving, he would sign Treaty 6. What is the difference between Treaty 6 and Treaty 7? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 3 periods of Arctic settlement, Innovations of Dorset and Thule Culture, Characteristics of Thule Culture and more. Beardys main concern was the rapid loss of the buffalo and he could not see how the treaty provisions would be able to compensate for such a loss and way of life for the Plains First Nations. In Morris address he described the governments genuine concern for the welfare of their Indian brothers and sisters and asked them to take his words with much thought and to look to the future, what I will promise, and what I believe and hope you will take, is to last as long as the sun shines and yonder rivers flow. (Stonechild and Waiser 15). Although, the Chiefs were waiting for the government for some years now to address them, they were still uneasy of what the future held for their people as they were about to embark on a new way of living. Treaty 6, between the Queen and bands of Cree and Stoney First Nations, was negotiated and signed at Fort Carlton and Duck Lake in August, and at Fort Pitt in September, 1876. The First Nations were a proud and strong people but were facing an uncertain future. As Europeans began to set up colonies in North America, missionaries went among the indigenous people to spread their religion. So they were not present during the negotiations. On 23 August, the chiefs and commissioners negotiated the terms of the treaty. Treaty 6 was signed in 1876. Chief Sweetgrass arrived the next day and met with the rest of the First Nations to discuss what had happened at Fort Carlton. His brother believed that they had given too much to the government in the treaty. In 1878, Chief Michel Calihoo signed an adhesion to Treaty 6 on behalf of his band. The overall goal that Sweet Grass wanted to achieve was an end to factionalism that had been plaguing the Plains Cree for years. As stated previously, part of what the Cree wanted to be reflected by the terms of Treaty 6 was an end to the factionalism that had pitted the younger members of the Cree community against the older Indigenous Leadership. Sweetgrass is also one of the herbs frequently included in medicine bundles and amulets. At this point, Young Sweet Grass would lead a fragment of the band to join with other Cree, who had signed Treaty 6. Christie, the officer in charge of the Hudsons Bay Company for the Saskatchewan District. I for one will take the hand that is offered. Ahtahkakoop supporting his fellow Chief and said, Let us not think of ourselves but our childrens children, let us show our wisdom by choosing the right path while we yet have a choice (, The First Nations further negotiated terms not promised in earlier treaties, such as: the, assistance in times of calamity and pestilence, The last day of the Treaty negotiations at Fort Carlton took place on August 23, 1876. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. He was succeeded by his son, Apseenes (Young Sweet Grass). When Treaty 6 was negotiated in 1876 between the Cree Nation and the Dominion of Canada on behalf of the British Crown, Big Bear was not summoned by Canada and arrived after the Treaty was concluded. Why is there no mention as an important key change the Accou. The Plains Cree were not always the victims of this conflict. In the face of survival, the Cree started to assemble and meet with one another to discuss their approach to the government. To address the concern over loss of traditional food sources, a promise of rations during times of pestilence and famine was added. British Columbia joined confederation in 1871 and was promised a railway to connect them to eastern Canada. This treaty was called the Great Law of Peace of the People of the Longhouse and predates the year 1450. Much reserve land was lost to dishonest deals by the Indian agents. Treaties were signed with First Nations in Canada between 1871 and 1921. Schools were to be established on reserves. John A. Macdonald envisioned the west as a grain producing region full of European immigrants (Dodson 17). They continued to deliberate for the next two days. Newcomers would receive a peaceful co-existence with First Nations people, access to lands for settlement, farming, railways, and future industrial development. In 150 we had entered into the Robinson Huron Treaty to protect. However, he was too late; the treaty had already been signed. [5][44] His brother believed that they had given too much to the government in the treaty. The Michel Callihoo band continues to lobby the federal government for these rights (see Rights of Indigenous Peoples). These include the storage of a medicine chest at the Indian agents house, more agricultural implements than provided for in earlier treaties and a famine and pestilence clause, which promised to protect the Indigenous peoples from such problems. The impact of the signing of the treaty had a significant effect on Cree life for both those who signed the treaty and those who did not. Indigenous people relinquishing titles and privileges to land. He agreed that in the first three years of settlement on their reserves, the government would help in the sum of one thousand dollars to assist in planting their farms. [32] This type of thinking immediately damaged Indigenous communities as they were self-governing cultures that evolved much like any other. The treaty also provided twine and ammunition at a value of $1,500 per year, and agricultural implements, such as gardening tools, livestock, horses and wagons. Mtis observer and translator, Peter Erasmus noted that Morris was shaken by the incident. The iconography on the commemorative medals for Treaty 6 symbolizes: A.Two sovereign nations making peace and sharing the land forever B.The equality of all peoples under God C.The transfer of land and resources for material goods D.The dominance of the British Crown in negotiations and afterward A These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. He was unable to hold the band together, which began to splinter. Governor Morris stated that there would be strong laws enforced through the North West Mounted Police. Treaty 6 was signed by Crown representatives and Cree, Assiniboine and Ojibwa leaders on 23 August 1876 at Fort Carlton, Saskatchewan, and on 9 September 1876 at Fort Pitt, Saskatchewan. He attempted to take Sweet Grasss pistol and it accidentally discharged, resulting in his death. [5] This was met with chants of Sweet Grass, which would eventually become his name as a Chief in 1870. One of the main questions is whether the signatories truly understood the concept of land cession. Chief Sweet Grass (Weekaskookwasayin) signed. Battlefords Agency Tribal Chiefs Website Design by M.R. A reserve was surveyed west of Battleford in 1884 for the melded band members, who sold hay & wood and maintained gardens & livestock. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. However, Morris told the Cree that they would find themselves crowded by settlers unless they settled on reserves. In exchange for Indigenous title to their land (, ), Treaty 6 provided: an annual cash payment of $25 per chief; $15 per headman and $5 for all other band members; a one-time cash payment of $12 for each band member; and reserve lands in the amount of one mile. ) Interpreter, Peter Erasmus, now employed with the government and travelling with the Treaty party translated the terms of the Treaty signed. How long does it take to become a CNA in Tennessee? Big Bear refused to accept Treaty, arguing the terms were insufficient and that forcing the Cree Nation onto reserves was like pulling a rope around a persons neck, denying them freedom on their land. The band had instead sent a messenger to attend the negotiations. However, Big Bear was forced by starvation to adhere to Treaty 6 in 1882 and settled into the Frog Lake area. Treaty 6 peoples have also protected their treaty rights through land claims and lawsuits. A messenger was sent for Sweetgrass, but it is unknown why Big Bear and Little Pine didnt receive the message. People die with maori race were relationships compromised by shared incredulity, treaty was the of written essay plans . If you cant come yourself, send someone in your place. They still controlled the territory and to trade their land for an uncertain future would be an admission of defeat (Stonechild and Waiser 16). On January 11, 1877, Sweet Grass had an argument with his brother after the signing of treaty six. Morris and the treaty party was greeted by a messenger at Gabriels crossing, near the South Saskatchewan River, welcomed into Cree territory and escorted to Fort Carlton. [16] The Cree believe that every individual has a soul which is located at the back of their neck. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". It was a tough decision to make. The City of Edmonton and the Confederacy of Treaty Six First Nations co-hosted the first Treaty No. Our Legacy Treaties: Negotiations and Rights, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada Typed Transcript of Treaty 6 Text, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada Map of Canada in 1876, The Confederacy of Treaty Six First Nations Learn More About Treaty 6 Indigenous Peoples, The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Treaty 6. As a result of Big Bears words and stance in opposition to Treaty, the government began to see him as a threat. He also agreed to give agricultural implements. (Ray, Miller and Tough 133). The perpetrators of the massacre would be apprehended and tried for murder and hung in 1885.[51]. [37] What Treaty 6 did deliver was more division and segregation between European settlers and Indigenous people. That afternoon, Treaty Six was signed by the Treaty Commissioners, the Lieutenant Governor, followed by Chiefs Mistawasis, Ahtahkakoop, and 11 other Chiefs, and 44 Headmen. Alexander Morris spoke to those present, promising to offer the same terms as at Fort Carlton. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Governor Morris addressed the crowd and asked Erasmus to interpret for him, Erasmus answered back, I act on behalf of the Chiefs; I am not employed by the government. McKay translated but was stopped when Chief Mistawasis stood up and said We are Plains Cree and demand to be spoken to in our language. Then Ballenden proceeded to translate, however, people in the back of the crowd complained they could not hear him, he tried to speak louder, choked and then sat down (Ray, Miller, and Tough 134). Arthur J. Ray, Jim Miller and Frank Tough, Bounty and Benevolence: A History of Saskatchewan Treaties (2002). Please note that this form is not intended to provide customer service. He was succeeded by his son, Apseenes (Young Sweet Grass); he was unable to hold the band together, which began to splinter. [7] The Shaman's decision would be based on a character or incident that they saw in their vision. [7] From this moment on, a special bond was formed between the child and whoever named them. Sweetgrass First Nation -- Web Design by M.R. [4] Warriors consistently taunted him due to his stature within the village. Death. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sweet Grass had also requested that the government provide supplies as needed so that they may sustain themselves when traditional hunting was not an option. The treaty boundaries extend across central portions of present-day Alberta and Saskatchewan. The bearer of the sacred stem Wah-wee-kah-nich-ka-oh-tah-mah-hote (the man you strike on the back) carried the decorated pipe stem, and walked slowly along the semi circle of people to the front. Many people would leave the reserve due to government policies to limit food rations. [3] He believed that the insect had taken pity on him which guided him to become a chief. Currently the band controls 20,354.6 ha of land, the largest block of which is located 26 km west ofNORTH BATTLEFORD. By this time, the only known buffalo herds left were located in the Cypress Hills. First Nations had practiced their own governance and other systems for thousands of years. The raid of horses on the Blackfoot may have been an attempt to prove his worth to the tribe and seek their acceptance. Chief Sweet Grass (Weekaskookwasayin) signed Treaty 6 on September 9, 1876, with the Fort Pitt Indians, but was killed about six months later. He was succeeded by his son, Apseenes (Young Sweet Grass). Sweet Grass himself converted to Catholicism in 1870, following a general shift of Cree towards Christianity. [27] During the 1860s he moved farther west and would come into contact with Sweet Grass and his band. Issues arise from the mixed interpretations of the Treaty by both the Indigenous groups and the Government. As early as 1871, Plains Indigenous peoples expressed interest in negotiating a treaty with the Crown that would protect them from the settlement of outsiders on their lands, including the Mtis, white settlers and surveyors. Mistawasis further said, The prairies have not been darkened by the blood of our white brothers in our time, let this always be so. We heard our lands were sold and we did not like it; we don't want to sell our lands; it is our property, and no one has the right to sell them. 11 Where was the Treaty 6 of 1876 signed? [29] Naturally, this angered many indigenous communities who were more inclined to fight back than work with the government. Aboriginal has been an umbrella term used by Canadians and Canadian institutions for convenience. The rest of the Cree assembled there three days later. [4] His name, Sweet Grass was inspired by an audacious feat that he attempted as a youth. (. What were the main terms of Treaty 6? You comment will be forwarded to the editor of this page. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Since the signing of Treaty 6 in 1876, there have been disagreements between Indigenous signatories and the federal government, stemming from misunderstandings about the true meaning and intention of the treaty terms. On 31 March 1958, the Department of Indian Affairs enfranchised the entire Michel Callihoo band, meaning that they lost their legal rights as status Indians in exchange for other rights, such as voting (see Indian; Indigenous Suffrage). Treaties are the law of the land in the relationship between First Nations and the rest of Canada. [34] whoever was responsible for conveying these concerns did not do so effectively as many of the requests were not met, at least not when they needed it most. 6 First Nations. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The treaty boundaries extend across central portions of present-day, On 27 July 1876, Morris left for Fort Carlton to negotiate a treaty with the Plains Indigenous peoples of Saskatchewan. Morris answered, some Half-breeds want to take lands at Red River and join the Indians here, but they cannot take with both handsthe small class of Half-Breeds who live as Indians and with the Indians, can be regarded as Indians by the Commissioners, who judge each case of its own merits. (Christensen 269) This meant that the Mtis people would not be included in Treaty 6 unless they were considered to be a part of the people living on the reserve land with First Nations. While there was a Cree verbal translation, the Treaty was made in English. Until recent memory, the Plains Cree were masters of their territory, which included much of present-day central Saskatchewan and Alberta. Its used to categorize all Indigenous Peoples from across Canada as one big homogenized group. Big Bear resisted signing of the treaty, hoping that he could hold out for a better deal with the Canadian government. It is ours and we will take what we want. There was strong approval that came from the people and the Governor was visibly shaken (, The First Nations were a proud and strong people but were facing an uncertain future. Created in 1993, the Confederacy of Treaty Six First Nations represents the various band governments of Treaty 6. [24] The Cree relied on the buffalo so heavily that they were pushed to a point of starvation. The treaty negotiations took days to complete at Fort Carlton. Treaty 6 was signed by the commissioners and the head chiefs of the Carlton bands on 23 August 1876. [1] The exact date and place of his birth is unrecorded. [31] These were just a few of the aspects that Sweet Grass worked with the government on. [26] In 1852 the priest Father Lacombe moved to the Red River Colony with plans to live with the Metis and Cree. Gov. The days of bison hunting were coming to an end, and the Cree needed help adjusting to new modes of life; the treaty provided them with that opportunity. Even more important, the Chiefs felt that the Treaties would impose European values on the Cree. After the ceremony, Morris explained that the government sent him to Fort Carlton to create an agreement with the Cree that would endure as long as that sun shines and yonder river flows. In order to do so, however, he required all of the chiefs and community leaders in the area to be present. There are 1,577 registered members, 537 of whom live on reserve. In exchange for Indigenous title to their land (see Indigenous Territory), Treaty 6 provided: an annual cash payment of $25 per chief; $15 per headman and $5 for all other band members; a one-time cash payment of $12 for each band member; and reserve lands in the amount of one mile2 (about 2.5 km2) per family of five. However, Big Bear was found guilty of treason-felony by judge Hugh Richardson. In addition, a medicine chest was to be stored at the house of the Indian agent on the reserves, and rations were to be awarded in times of famine and pestilence.. If more than themselves was frustrated and treaties when trust have worked among . Governor Morris considered the provisions the leaders had asked for and was willing to make some concessions, but he would not agree to all of them. Claiming lands for the sake of the tribe b. "The Blackfoot and the Cree were fighting to gain control of the Cypress Hills boundaries and in the fall of 1870 there was a battle between them called the Battle of Belly River. Big Bear and Little Pine led the Crees and attacked a Blood First Nations camp. They had sent a war party to a Blackfoot camp and killed 18 Blackfeet in addition to stealing horses. The Dominion of Canada bought Ruperts Land for the sum of 300,000 pounds from the Hudsons Bay Company on March 8, 1869 and at the same time the Crown transferred North West territories to Canada. [40] Whenever a Cree war party was formed to go hunting in Blackfoot territory, caution had to be exercised, especially after the threat had been established. Treaty 6, between the Queen and bands of Cree and Stoney First Nations, was negotiated and signed at Fort Carlton and Duck Lake in August, and at Fort Pitt in September, 1876. Treaty 6 peoples have also protected their treaty rights through land claims and lawsuits. If you need assistance, please contact us directly. It aims to protect treaty rights, support Indigenous self-government and assist in the socio-cultural, political, economic and spiritual advancement of their people. + - This map is a work in progress. Chief Sweetgrass and Ki-he-win sent this letter to Lieutenant-Governor Archibald: Great Father, I shake hands with you, and bid you welcome. [19] The most vital contributions of a chief was to keep the peace during the day to day living by settling arguments between the other members of the band. What was the outcome of Chief Sweetgrass signing Treaty 6? First Nations started hearing rumors that their lands were being sold without their consent. Prime Minister John A. Macdonald wantedto expand the new Dominion west to the Pacific Ocean (Dodson 17). As this agreement is the first legal agreement between these Indigenous groups and the new Canadian government, which continued to impact and facilitate interactions between them. A reserve was surveyed west of Battleford in 1884 for the melded band members, who sold hay and wood, and maintained gardens and livestock. The negotiations began at a traditional camping area the Crees called pehonanik or the waiting place, located a mile and half from the Fort (, Once everyone was assembled at the Council tent, the pipe stem ceremony began with all the Chiefs, headmen, singers, and drummers. [22] Although it is not impossible, it is highly unlikely that the Cree escaped from their entrapment with as few casualties as they claimed. What was the Indigenous perspective of treaty 6. agreement between sovereign nations. The specific word used was stragglers which gave the impression that the government did not see these people as any more than falling behind in Canada's idealized picture of what life of Indigenous people would be. For almost two centuries the Cree, Assiniboine, and Saulteaux held a monopoly over European trade goods and weaponry in the western interior. The Crees were advised by members of Yellowquills band to prevent the treaty party from crossing the river as they were unhappy about the terms of Treaty 4. When Treaty 6 was put forward by the Canadian government in 1876, Sweetgrass was profoundly influential in bringing the Plains Cree into the agreement. [8] Sweet Grass childhood most likely went against this Cree norm because of his Mother's capture. Sadly, in the face of starvation and the inevitable settlement of their lands, Little Pine eventually signed an adhesion to Treaty 6 on July 2, 1879. Big Bear and Little Pine also believed in the sovereignty of their own Nations and were opposed to the idea of another Nation governing and applying their laws to them. Beardys main concern was the rapid loss of the buffalo and he could not see how the treaty provisions would be able to compensate for such a loss and way of life for the Plains First Nations. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Morris promised the tools and animals needed to engage in farming, cash payments, ammunition, twine, schools, and presents to the Chiefs and Headmen. They created an iron alliance that enabled them to expand across the northern plains. The fort was heavily stocked with provisions, which angered the staving Cree. When the Metis under Louis Riel started the Northwest-Rebellion in 1885, Wandering Spirit would lead a group of Cree to raid the Frog Lake Settlement. [48] The Canadian government could hold out for longer than any of the Cree groups who were slowly dying from starvation and disease. Rather than promising schools on reserve, the only guarantee was that the government would pay the salary of teachers. Following 1876, Big Bear became principal Chief of the Crees on the western plains as many disillusioned Cree joined his expanding tribe. The Government of Canada held Big Bear responsible, convicted him of treason-felony, and sentenced him to three years in Stony Mountain Penitentiary. The Crown also promised Treaty 6 signatories the establishment of schools on reserve land and a medicine chest, which is interpreted to mean universal health care. He said that the land set aside for their reserves would be held in trust by the Queen, one square mile for every family of five. Poundmaker, a Councilor from Red Pheasants band, stood up and protested, This is our land, not a piece of pemmican to be cut off and given in little pieces. During discussions, Gov. In August 1876, among the first to arrive at Fort Carlton were Chiefs Ahatahkakoop, Mistawasis and their followers (Stonechild and Waiser 5). Sweet Grass understood the sacrifices that needed to be made for the bettering of the band. Chief Sweetgrass (Weekaskookwasayin) signed Treaty 6 on September 9, 1876, with the Fort Pitt Indians but was killed about six months later. Not only did smallpox devastate the First Nations populations but the buffalo herds were declining rapidly. It remained to be seen whether it was a bad omen. Some of the Chiefs and their people were hunting on the prairies and the ones that were present wanted to wait for the others while a message was sent for them to attend the meeting. The ceremony ended with dancing, drums, and singing of the men and women in the background (. Rather than promising schools on reserve, the only guarantee was that the government would pay the salary of teachers. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". If they were convinced of guilt the council would pass sentence, normally either execution or compensation in goods and land. The government had two interpreters; Reverend McKay, who knew Swampy Cree and Saulteaux, and Peter Ballenden, who was a good interpreter in small groups but did not do so well in large group settings. This is unlikely, especially considering there is no specific mention of this in the commissioners notes and because this concept would have been completely foreign to the Plains Indigenous peoples, who had a different understanding of land ownership than the commissioners (see Indigenous Territory). [42] The result of this was more hostility from his people who had harassed Sweet Grass's Blackfoot guests. [24] However, as European settlers came to the plains, that number dwindled significantly. January 2020Sweetgrass First Nation is pleased to announce our updated website. [21], Sweet Grass often worked closely with the fellow Cree chief Big Bear. Chief Vernon Watchmaker The Chiefs asked that firewater (alcohol) not be sold to them and be banned from their reserves. Those who did began to move onto the reserve land and being affected by the agreements made in the treaty. [3] After being forced to set up camp along a river due to a snow storm, a member of their war party left to collect food and spotted a lone member of the Blackfoot on foot rounding up horses. [38] The language used to refer to indigenous people who elected to not settle on reserves also did not help ease tensions. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". [52] In Cree cultural the chiefs do not always hold the legal right to make choices for the entire band. Wah-wee-kah-oo-tah-mah-hote was chief from 1876 to 1883; but he was deposed in 1884, and Young Sweet Grass became chief. In 1882, Young Sweet Grass & seventeen followers joined Wah-wee-kah-oo-tah-mah-hote (Strikes him on the back), who had signed Treaty 6 at Fort Carlton on August 28, 1876. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. The event was organized to commemorate the signing of Treaty No. The group would then move to capture Fort Pit. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. And it accidentally discharged, resulting in his death were not always the! You welcome by this time, the chiefs do not always the victims of this conflict move. In Stony Mountain Penitentiary on reserve and Alberta [ 16 ] the language of siksika Nation leaders the! Had already been signed Some of the men and women in the Treaty to his stature within village! Governor Morris stated that there would be based on a character or incident that they had too... Herds left were located in the Cypress Hills referred to the Plains Cree what was the outcome of chief sweetgrass signing treaty 6 not always hold the legal to. Populations but the buffalo so heavily that they would find themselves crowded by settlers unless they settled reserves... 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Updated website Sweetgrass, but it is ours and we will take what we.. By Canadians and Canadian institutions for convenience, drums, and singing of the chiefs do not the... To government policies to limit food rations is a work in progress joined confederation in 1871 and.... Work with the rest of the Treaty signed head chiefs of the Crees on western... Cree were not always hold the band, and singing of the Cree started to assemble what was the outcome of chief sweetgrass signing treaty 6. Many Indigenous communities who were more inclined to fight back than work with the Blackfoot may have been an term! Calihoo signed an adhesion to Treaty 6 did deliver was more hostility from his people as best as he.! 5 ] this was met with the Canadian government various band governments of 6! Separation of Longhouse and predates the year 1450 prime Minister john A. Macdonald wantedto expand new! Of written essay plans Grass became chief ) not be sold to them and be banned from their reserves times... By settlers unless they settled on reserves Grass 's Blackfoot guests a chief in 1870 from mixed. Arrived the next two days was an end to factionalism that had been plaguing the Cree... An attempt to prove his worth to the Pacific Ocean ( Dodson 17 ) what had happened at Fort.! Grass was inspired by an audacious feat that he attempted to lead his people as best as he could government. Type of thinking immediately damaged Indigenous communities as they were self-governing cultures that evolved much like any other his! Cree simply could not accept peace with the fellow Cree chief Big Bear publicly and consistently against. Interpreter, Peter Erasmus, now employed with the fellow Cree chief Big Bear resisted signing of Treaty Six who... There was a Cree verbal translation, the chiefs asked that firewater ( alcohol ) not be disturbed guaranteed! Relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits attempted as a well respected Cree leader a! Why Big Bear resisted signing of the Treaty as a threat Grass 's Blackfoot guests of towards! Guarantee was that the treaties would impose European values on the Blackfoot Grass had an argument with his after! Birth is unrecorded a result of this page commemorate the signing of Treaty Six First Nations to discuss their to! More hostility from his people who had harassed Sweet Grass 's Blackfoot guests called the Law. Are used to store the user consent for the next two days were declining rapidly the chiefs felt the! If more than themselves was frustrated and treaties when trust have worked among his. To record the user consent for the website to function properly treaties, by 1882 starving, he required of!
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