Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand. This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions. )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). UNHCR, the World Food Program (WFP), UNICEF, the Algerian Red Crescent, the Sahrawi Red Crescent, and other organizations assisted Sahrawi refugees. It is the tenth largest country in the world and largest in Africa with an area coverage of approximately 919,595 square miles. Press reported 107 protestors were injured along with 51 police and gendarmes. The ILO tried to visit during the year but had to cancel the visit when the government was unable to guarantee that they would be able to meet with independent trade unions. A variety of domestic human rights groups operated with varying degrees of government restriction and cooperation. The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. LGBTI activists reported that the vague wording of laws criminalizing homosexual acts and acts against nature permitted sweeping accusations that resulted in multiple arrests for consensual same-sex sexual relations, but no known prosecutions during the year. The ministry did not renew the accreditations of the NGOs SOS Disparus (SOS Disappeared), Djazairouna, the LADDH, the National Association for the Fight Against Corruption, and the Youth Action Movement, all of which submitted their renewal applications in prior years. The country has ratified the International Labor Organizations (ILO) conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining but failed to enact legislation needed to implement these conventions fully. )$10,800 (2020 est. FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11, showed the new provinces. The information collected is used to assist the government in developing targeted programs to support and protect women in vulnerable situations, including violence. A court sentenced him to five years in prison, plus a DZD 100,000 ($850) fine. The law additionally prohibits local periodicals from receiving direct or indirect material support from foreign sources. 1848-12-09: By French presidential decree, the civil territory in each province was elevated to a department of
The 130,000-member National Gendarmerie, which performs police functions outside of urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense, and the approximately 218,000-member DGSN or national police, organized under the Ministry of Interior, share responsibility for maintaining law and order. [1] Quid 1993, ditions Robert Laffont, Paris, 1992. The government provided a subsidy for divorced women whose former husbands failed to make child support payments. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 12,378,740 tons (2016 est. Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy. The Ministry of Culture can also require a full content review of books on other topics if it chooses. Defamation is not a crime but carries a fine ranging from 100,000 Algerian dinars (DZD) to DZD 500,000 ($850 to $4,252). )116.594 (2018 est. Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. )proven reserves: 59 million metric tons (2019 est. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. Although specific data was unavailable, children reportedly worked mostly in the informal sales market, often in family businesses. According to UNHCRs March report on Sahrawi refugees in Tindouf, the government protected a significant number of refugees in five camps in Tindouf and a smaller urban refugee population, primarily in Algiers. In these cases, authorities permit the arrested person to contact a lawyer after half of the extended time has expired. The law limits the grounds for pretrial detention and stipulates that before it can be imposed, a judge must assess the gravity of a crime and whether the accused is a threat to society or a flight risk. By law workers may strike only after 14 days of mandatory conciliation or mediation. During the year the ICRC hosted training sessions on human rights standards related to arrest, detention, and interrogation procedures for judicial police from the DGSN and National Gendarmerie, as well as for judges. The law contains occupational health and safety standards that were not fully enforced. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. Security forces dispersed political opposition rallies and interfered with the right to organize. )consumption: 46,945,035,000 cubic meters (2019 est. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth. Official websites use .gov. A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. For example, the General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA), which represented a majority of public-sector workers, is an affiliate of the International Trade Union Confederation. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. )transmission/distribution losses: 9.897 billion kWh (2019 est. The southern border has been clearly defined, but the southern
The constitution provides workers with the right to join and form unions of their choice, provided they are citizens. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Unions have the right to form and join federations or confederations, and the government recognized four confederations. The law prohibits pretrial detention for crimes with maximum punishments of less than three years imprisonment, except for infractions that resulted in deaths or to persons considered a threat to public order. In these cases, the law limits pretrial detention to one month. Several candidates withdrew from the race, claiming that the outcome was a foregone conclusion. Section II. Membership in the Islamic Salvation Front, a political party banned since 1992, remained illegal. Algeria is a multiparty republic whose president, the head of state, is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The law also provides for the creation of independent unions, although the unions membership must account for at least 20 percent of an enterprises workforce. Update 15 to the GEC, the successor to the FIPS standard, is dated 2014-03-31. A January 2017 decree by the prime minister clarified the process for the Ministry of Cultures review of imported books, both in print and electronic form. With independence, Arabic was
List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the Women enjoyed rights equal to those of men concerning property ownership, and property titles listed female landowners names. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence. The law criminalizes statements denigrating Islam or insulting the Prophet Muhammed or messengers of God. In 2016 police in Setif arrested Slimane Bouhafs, a Christian convert, for posting statements on his Facebook page questioning the morals of the Prophet Muhammed. Furthermore, all public demonstrations, including protests and strikes, must receive prior government authorization. The Islamic State Algeria Province After kidnapping a 55-year-old French mountaineering guide, Herv Gourdel, the group stated in a video on 22 September 2014, that the kidnapping was a fulfilling of an order of IS spokesman al-'Adnani to attack citizens of The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. Police arrested protesters throughout the year for violating the law against unregistered public gatherings. The subdivisions were to the
In most cases, the NGOs continued to hold their meetings and police came to the hotels to end the gatherings. were ill-defined. Amnesty International alleged that authorities sometimes detained individuals on security-related charges for longer than the 12-day prescribed period. [4] The American Oxford Atlas. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. Alger: Algeri (Italian); Algiers (English); Algier (Danish, German); al-Jazair, al-Djazair, El Djazar (Arabic);
The president has the constitutional authority to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and the prime minister, who is the head of government. Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf
)exports: 673 million kWh (2019 est. ), air pollution in major cities; soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban, particulate matter emissions: 35.17 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. NGOs reported that employers refused jobs to LGBTI persons, particularly men perceived as effeminate. Once registered, organizations must inform the government of their activities, funding sources, and personnel, including notification of personnel changes. In addition, six private domestic television channels, 12 foreign broadcasting channels, and one foreign radio stationthe BBCoperated throughout the year. ~1962: Name of Bne department changed to Annaba. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. Libel/Slander Laws: NGOs and observers criticized the law on defamation as vaguely drafted and said the definitions in the law failed to comport with internationally recognized norms. The group was formerly known as Jund al-Khilafah fi Ard al-Jazair. Leaders of womens organizations reported that discrimination was common and women were less likely to receive equal pay for equal work or promotions. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women said 60 percent of the recipients of government microcredit loans for small businesses were women. The Ministry of Culture reviewed the content of films before they could be shown, as well as books before importation. There were several strikes launched in reaction to the governments refusal to extend official recognition to fledgling new unions and its practice of engaging only with the UGTA. Unlicensed NGOs remained active, but rarely received government assistance, and citizens at times hesitated to associate with these organizations. One of the smaller areas of land can be called a state or a province. Many schools lacked teachers trained to work with children with disabilities, threatening the viability of efforts to mainstream children with disabilities into public schools. The list of essential services included banking, radio, and television. now more prevalent in English (and French). The government said that a drop in aid from international donors led to worsening conditions for Sahrawi refugees, and that it had increased its own contributions as a result. The president serves as the president of the High Judicial Council, which is responsible for the appointment, transfer, promotion, and discipline of judges. In a divorce, the law provides for the wife to retain the familys home until the children reach age 18. Other refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants had access to free public hospitals, but independent NGOs reported instances of migrants turned away. tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Algeria does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; the government made key achievements during the reporting period, therefore Algeria was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; authorities identified more trafficking victims, increased investigations and prosecutions, while continuing to convict traffickers; Algeria partnered with international organizations to train officials and conduct public awareness campaigns; however, government identification of and services for victims remained insufficient; authorities continued to punish some potential victims for unlawful acts traffickers compelled them to commit (2022)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims; Algerian women and girls are vulnerable to sex trafficking due to financial problems or after running away from home; undocumented sub-Saharan migrants are vulnerable to labor and sex trafficking and are exploited in restaurants, houses, and informal worksites; sub-Saharan men and women needing more funds for their onward journey to Europe work illegally in construction and commercial sex and are vulnerable to sex trafficking and debt bondage; foreign women and girls, mainly from sub-Saharan Africa, are subject to sex trafficking in bars and informal brothels; criminal begging rings that exploit sub-Saharan African migrant children are common and reportedly increasing (2022), total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). 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