In 2020, of the defendants prosecuted, 76% were White, 12% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were of Mixed ethnicity groups, and 2% were Chinese or Other ethnic groups. See police activity chapter for more information on stop and searches. Despite this, only 49% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups felt that they had been kept safe from the virus, in comparison to 65% of White prisoners. See figure 5.04 for all sentencing outcomes. When conducting a stop and search, police record the reason for the stop and search as well as the ethnicity of the person searched[footnote 25]. In 2020, of all males prosecuted for an indictable offence 75% were White, whilst for all females prosecuted 86% were White. 53% of prosecutions for this offence were for White defendants, 25% Black, 13% Asian, 6% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other ethnic groups. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons for England & Wales (HMI Prisons) aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. The relationship between race and crime in the United Kingdom is the subject of academic studies, government surveys, media coverage, and public concern. Those where ethnicity was not known/recorded are not included in this commentary. there were 697,405 stop and searches in England and Wales between April 2020 and March 2021, a rate of 12.4 per 1,000 people. Generally, we discuss the broad categories individually, to reflect their different experiences, but given the much greater numbers of White individuals in the population it is sometimes necessary or appropriate to consider the minority ethnic groups together. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. The Ministry of Justice aims to avoid the need for revisions to publications unless they are absolutely necessary and put systems and processes in place to minimise the number of revisions. Where young offenders were received a custodial sentence of more than 12 months, Black and Asian children had a higher proportion of SEN, without statement, at 72% and 74% respectively, compared to White children, at 59%. It published the data today in new crime figures showing there were 695 homicides in the year . Figure 6.04: Outcomes of Parole Board hearings, year ending March 2021, England and Wales, by ethnicity. Similarly, prisoners of Mixed ethnic groups made up 12% of all prisoners under 18, yet only accounting for 5% of the entire prison population. The trend is the reverse for pre-charge advice at police stations, where 82% of Asian defendants received pre-charge advice compared to 74% of White defendants. Billy Gazard, a crime statistician for the ONS, said: "We have outlined our plans for improving crime statistics for England and Wales in our July 2020 progress update. In comparison to the period 2011/12 to 2013/14, homicides increased 25%, with a 4pp increase in the proportion of victims from the Black ethnic group, whilst the proportion of those from the White ethnic group decreased 6pp. Between 2017/18 and 2019/20, almost half (49%) of homicide victims aged 15 to 17 and 37% of victims aged 18 to 20 were from the Black ethnic group. Figure 7.07: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for children, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. A higher custody rate, however, was seen in the Chinese or Other group (36%). Black suspects had the highest proportion of arrests that resulted from stop and search, accounting for 23% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. This total includes exclusions from previous schools covered by the exclusion legislation. When defendants appear in court, they have the right to either speak for themselves, or to be represented and to have someone with legal expertise speak on their behalf. Racism and ethnicity are one of the social evils that pose a big danger to the society. Magistrates: Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of practitioners from minority ethnic groups has increased, leading to a decrease in the proportion of White practitioners, by 2.4 pp mainly driven by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.3 pp) and Black (0.8) ethnic groups[footnote 98]. Higher proportions of staff and practitioners in more senior roles were White for all organisations, when compared to the ethnic breakdowns of less senior staff[footnote 100]. They have been excluded from all analyses in this chapter. Broadly, all ethnic groups had similar overall sentencing outcomes. Will McMahon and Rebecca Roberts consider ethnicity, harm and crime. , Data is self-declared from HR records, as at 31 December 2020. In 2020, 1% of children had long criminal histories, this was similar across all ethnic groups. In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months. There were 46,265 offences in the 12 months to the end of March this year . Functionalist. Judiciary: The proportion of White judges has fallen by 1.9 pp, between 2017 and 2021, driven mainly by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.5 pp) and Mixed (0.6 pp) ethnic groups[footnote 97]. It is the first time the national statistics agency has broken down homicide rates by ethnicity. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. RRI analysis shows that defendants from Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups were not significantly more or less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody compared to White defendants, and Black and Asian defendants were 6% and 4% less likely to be sentenced to immediate custody in comparison with White defendants respectively. The proportions of ethnic groups in the prison population has remained stable across the past 5 years. The number of prosecutions for drug offences has decreased by 15% in the past 5 years. Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.3 and Table CH2c)[footnote 77]. This is expected given the more diverse population of London. In accordance with Principle 2 of the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, the Ministry of Justice is required to publish transparent guidance on its policy for revisions. Since 2015/16, there has been a statistically significant decrease in children reporting experience as a victim of a personal crime (down 49%). Custody rates have largely converged across ethnic groups between 2016 and 2019. If we become concerned about whether these statistics are still meeting the appropriate standards, we will discuss any concerns with the Authority promptly. These are the main factors that have been contributing to crime in the contemporary world. , Detailed results of the survey can be found in table 6.06 in the tables document published alongside this report. Relative Rate Index (RRI) analysis for individuals dealt with at Crown Court in 2020 showed that defendants of Chinese or Other ethnic group were 28% more likely, Black defendants 23% more likely, defendants of Mixed ethnicities 19% more likely and Asian defendants 4% more likely to be remanded in custody than White defendants (Table 5.15). Conversely, higher proportions of clients from ethnic minority groups received representation for indictable trials at 30% for Asian, 36% for Black and 36% for Mixed compared to 27% for White. The following analysis cannot be used to make conclusions about the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described as the matched dataset is of offenders only[footnote 71]. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that resulted in a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning in this timeframe, or a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court[footnote 68]. This section focuses on the following high-volume indictable drug offences: they believe them to be a realistic or truthful picture of crime in the UK) and have constructed sociological theories explaining why particular groups (e.g. Some Sociologists have suggested that cultural differences, especially differences in family life, may be responsible for underlying differences in offending between ethnic groups. , Ethnicity was recorded for 85.7% of community orders and 87.6% of suspended sentence orders commenced in 2020. When ethnicity is officer identified[footnote 3], it has four broad ethnicity categories: White, Black, Asian and Other[footnote 4]. The defendant can be directed to appear in court or remanded on bail or in custody. For example, in 2020, Black defendants were 16% less likely to enter a guilty plea than White defendants in Crown Court [footnote 48]. Over half of young offenders sentenced or cautioned had SEN. In 2020, White male and female offenders had the shortest ACSL, 20.2 months and 12.6 months respectively, while Asian male and female offenders had the longest ACSL, 28.9 months and 22.3, respectively. Data Access and Compliance Unit. In 2020, the custody rate was highest for the Chinese or Other ethnic group, at 64% and lowest for the Mixed ethnic group at 48%. A higher proportion of prosecutions for Black and Mixed ethnic groups were against children, 12% and 14% respectively, compared to 5% for White defendants. There was a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. In 2020, 70% of the legally aided prison law workload related to White defendants, 11% to Black, 8% to Other, 6% to Mixed and 5% to Asian. The identification of differences should not be taken as evidence of bias or as direct effects of ethnicity. In 2020, 79% of crime higher legal aid workload was for White clients, with 10% for Black, 8% for Asian, and 3% for Mixed clients. Victims were able to identify the race or ethnicity of their assailants in 86% of violent crimes. Of the total sentenced or cautioned, White young offenders had the highest proportion recorded as persistently absent at 83%. Figure 6.01: Number and proportion of prisoners in England and Wales, 2016 to 2020, by ethnicity, Figure 6.02: Proportion of prisoners by ethnicity and age group, England and Wales, 30th June, 2020. In contrast, across all years (except 2017), Black prisoners have consistently served a higher proportion of their determinate sentence, at 67% in 2020. Since 2019, Black and Asian defendants have been less likely to receive a custodial sentence relative to White defendants. This was a higher proportion than any other ethnic group, for example, only 10% of arrests of White suspects were for drug offences. This includes putting more information in the public domain with ethnicity breakdowns, the use of the Relative Rate Indexes[footnote 6] where appropriate and a focus on outcomes for children distinct form the adult population. In 2020, Black males accounted for 12% of all male prosecutions and 11% of all male convictions, compared to Black females, accounting for 7% of all female prosecutions and 7% of all female convictions. Caution should be taken when considering the ethnic breakdown of senior staff because the number of individuals represented is small and changing a single case could have a noticeable effect. As this data is now several years old it may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population, particularly for children when comparing to 2018 CJS figures. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical reports. , Concordance rates are calculated by dividing the number of those who were recommended to receive a sentence disposal and did receive it, by all those who were recommended to receive it. The reoffending rate of adults was highest for those aged 18-20 for ethnic minority groups. Among minority ethnic groups, Black individuals were often the most over-represented. This contrasts with the proportion of pupils in the overall population where 14% are eligible for FSM. To avoid inconsistency in the length of their offending histories, for those with an academic year of 2008/09 their offending data has been considered up to 31 August 2016 and for those with an academic year of 2009/10 it has been considered up to 31 August 2017. Around 34% of all Black homicide victims were aged between 15 and 20. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. Unfortunately, we do not hold data on offences . Of offenders receiving either type of order, 84% were White, 6% Black, 5% Asian, 3% Mixed ethnic groups and 1% Chinese or Other ethnic groups. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. Guilty plea rate (GPR) has increased across all ethnic groups across the past 5 years, showing a sharp rise since 2018. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. 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