What this prophecy is supposed to do is to show that morals are going to be lost in this play. Fair is foul, and foul is fair. Lady Macbeth, however, must be thought of as exceptionally attractive if she can have such a strong hold on her husband. He starts lying and deceiving, and no longer can anyone trust anyone else's face to reveal his or her character. There is no reason to attach much importance to their statement that "Fair is foul and foul is fair." Away, and mock the time with fairest show/ False face must hide what the false heart doth know (Act 1. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. Throughout the drama, whatappears to be fair is often actually foul. Before the witches arrive and talk about things being foul and fair, Macbeth is a hero. When we first see him he is a major celebrity, well-loved throughout the land and trusted by the king, who showers honours on him after he has shown his loyalty by putting down a rebellion and killing the rebels. At the banquet for the nobles of Scotland, Macbeth dupes everyone around that he has high regards for Banquo when he has just killed him. While King Duncan loves Macbeth dearly, it is Macbeth who ends his life. 11-12). Act 1, Scene 3. The first characters to showcase this theme are the three witches. In 2013 Maher was granted an Honorary Doctorate in Fine Art by the National University of Ireland. Good and evil appear to have swapped places. This phrase summarizes the two characters perfectly. Barry often references texts which explore the personal in a way that reflects her own lived experience. Although Macbeth questions the witches prophecies in the beginning, he still maintains a flicker of hope that the prophecies are true. Even this very scene is representative of another way in which the "fair is foul" motif is present. As the opening scene ends we see the confession of the witches creed: fair is foul and foul is fair. Its application applies to both the physical and the moral worlds. The binary between fair and foul to normal people with socially acceptable code of conducts, makes the Witches' statement an enigma and a paradox. The .gov means its official. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); It is believed that Shakespeare wrote 38 plays in total between 1590 and 1612. He therefore sets out to kill them. In Act 4, Scene 3, Macduff complains of Macbeth's rule, stating that "Each new morn / New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows / Strike heaven in the face," thus revealing that conditions in Scotland grow increasingly worse under Macbeth's rule (5-7). What appears to be truth is illusion, and the vice versa. Politics. Fair, then, will well and truly become foul in the play, and Macbeth is filled with images of corruption, putrefaction, strange omens, and foulness of all kinds. Coincidentally, a porter compares Macbeths castle to the gates of hell when Macduff and Lennox persistently knock at the door: Whos there, I th name of Beelzebul? (Act 2, Scene 3). Lady Macbeth says, Gentle my lord, sleek oer your rugged looks;/ Be bright and jovial among your guests to-night (Act 3, Scene 2) Macbeth tells her to also act normal as well in front of Banquo: Let your remembrance apply to Banquo; Present him eminence, both with eye and tongue: Unsafe the while, that we Must lave our honours in these flattering streams, And make our faces vizards to our hearts. He sacrifices his innocence, his conscience, and his peace of mind for the endless power and control he pursues. This foreshadows how Macbeth will become Thane of Cawdor, and king. It is not clear how he would ascend to the throne considering that he has no royal blood and that he has flimsy chances of getting the kingship. 5, Lady Macbeth tells her husband to put on a false face because his face tends to show his emotions - "To beguile the time, /Look like the time;look like the innocent flower, /But be the serpent under't." When hearing this, Macbeth immediately begins to plan his methods of obtaining these positions, including the murder of the king. The scene, in its original setting, astage with minimal scenery, seeks to separate the "real" world from the world of the witches, and part of that effort is to establish the barren, wind-blown Scottish heath, the home of the witches. They are actively affirming that "fair is foul, and foul is fair." Macbeth continues with a series of foul play to ensure that he has a stronghold grip on the throne. They gravitate to what is "foul" and shun the "fair" (as Dracula hides from the sun centuries later). National Library of Medicine Since the witches refuse to reveal to Macbeth how he is going to be king, he realizes that murdering King Duncan and his two sons isthe only way. They would find a beautiful woman ugly because she puts them to shame and probably find an ugly woman beautiful because she would resemble themselves. Unbeknownst to Macbeth, his very first words in the play eerily echo the words of the witches, "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" (1.1. free and open to all, no RSVP required What does the line "fair is foul, and foul is fair" mean? Shakespeare's Effective use of Imagery to Display Powerful Themes "Fair is foul and foul is fair: Hover through the fog and filthy air. It highlights the hypocrisy that people adopt to hide their true intentions. Macbeth is also a play in which characters statements and utterances echo again and again later in the play, and Fair is foul, and foul is fair will find itself echoed, fittingly enough, a couple of scenes later when Macbeth himself is first introduced. They are horrible creatures in their physical appearances, and they have equally horrible minds. In his Arden Shakespeare edition of Macbeth, the editor Kenneth Muir has a useful note on this line, pointing to noted Shakespeare critic Edward Dowden who observed that this echo establishes a connection between Macbeths soul and the souls of the hags. 2004 2022 NoSweat Digital Ltd, 124 City Road, London EC1V 2NX, A Blessing In Disguise, Meaning & Context, A Plague On Both Your Houses, Meaning & Context, A Rose By Any Other Name, Meaning & Context, As Dead As A Doornail, Meaning & Context, As Luck Would Have It, Meaning & Context, As Old As Methuselah, Meaning & Context, Be Still My Beating Heart, Meaning & Context, Better Late Than Never, Meaning & Context, Call A Spade A Spade, Meaning & Context, Count Your Blessings, Meaning & Context, Eat, Drink and Be Merry, Meaning & Context, Fight Fire With Fire, Meaning & Context, Frailty, Thy Name Is Woman, Meaning & Context, Get Thee To A Nunnery, Meaning & Context, He Who Sups With The Devil Should Have A Long Spoon, Meaning & Context, Hell Hath No Fury Like A Woman Scorned, Meaning & Context, Hoisted By His Own Petard, Meaning & Context, In My Heart Of Hearts, Meaning & Context, Making The Beast With Two Backs, Meaning & Context, Melted Into Thin Air, Meaning & Context, Neither A Borrower Nor A Lender Be, Meaning & Context, Neither Here Nor There, Meaning & Context, Nothing New Under The Sun, Meaning & Context, Parting Is Such Sweet Sorrow, Meaning & Context, Pomp and CIrcumstance, Meaning & Context, Practise What You Preach, Meaning & Context, Screw Your Courage To The Sticking Place, Meaning & Context, Sound And Fury, Signifying Nothing, Meaning & Context, Still Waters Run Deep, Meaning & Context, The Lady Doth Protest Too Much, Meaning & Context, The Plays The Thing, Meaning & Context, There Are More Things In Heaven And Earth, Meaning & Context, To Sleep Perchance To Dream, Meaning & Context, Wear Your Heart On Your Sleeves, Meaning & Context, What Dreams May Come, Meaning & Context, All The Worlds A Stage: Quote & Meaning, Discretion Is The Better Part Of Valor, Meaning & Context, Double Double Toil and Trouble, Meaning, Brevity Is The Soul Of Wit Meaning & Context, Good Night Sweet Prince, Meaning & Context, Heavy Is The Head That Wears The Crown, Meaning, Cry Havoc! 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Alice Mahers work touches on a wide range of subjects often reprising, challenging and expanding mythic and vernacular narratives. King Duncan is shocked by the first Thane of Cawdors betrayal that he remarks, Theres no art/ To find the minds construction in the face (Act 1, Scene 4). 30 sec. Macduff tells Ross of the two brothers: Malcolm and Donalbain, the kings two sons, / Are stoln away and fled, whch puts upon them/ Suspicion of the deed (Act 2, Scene 4). The phrase "Fair is foul, and foul is fair" is a paradox and motif that runs throughout the entire play and essentially means that appearances are deceiving. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth conceal their true emotions by acting like gracious hosts while they plot Duncan's murder. To continue to explore this particular example: Macbeth's reign is initially good for him and Lady Macbeth, but bad for the country. The day is foul and fair at once. It's a world where nothing is what it seems. The phrase also points to the coming imbalance of natural order, the chaos of lost kingships (or thaneships). Ever since their existence, witches have been known to cause havoc. Courtesy of the artists. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Macbeths belief in the witches predictions reveals to the audience that Macbeth is a credulous character. After the murders of King Duncan and his friend Banquo, he turns to Macduff and his family, where Macduff is able to escape, but not his family. Fair - is foul - and foul - is fair Again, try saying this aloud while tapping out the rhythm of the four beats to see how it works. Although he starts out as a good person, Macbeths morality is easily converted by the three witches. Macbeth's possession of the titles of Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland come by, Dramatic irony is employed from the beginning of the play. Macbeth at this stage of the action considers the witches insignificant, lowly and evil. Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none. By continuing well assume youre on board with our cookie policy. The play is one of Shakespeares most widely studied and, perhaps on account of its brevity, straightforward plot, and crowd-pleasing set pieces, it is one of his most frequently staged. Disclaimer. 2017 Apr;24(4):384-390. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2017.01.014. "Our ideal world, where fillet of fenny snake and eye of newt and tongue of bat can be combined to conjure up visions and predictions of the future, may be ugly to you but it's ideal for us and our leader, Hecate." Macbeth, the titular character of the play, is a character with many admirable qualities - In Act 1 scene 2, he is described as "valiant", "brave" and "worthy"; Lady Macbeth describes him as "full of the milk of human kindness.". Literary Analysis of Fair is Foul, Foul is Fair Shakespeare uses this theme to caution about judging things based on the face value. The witches meet again in scene three of act one. An official website of the United States government. And the line Fair is foul, and foul is fair was already an established proverb, albeit with slightly different wording, when Shakespeare wrote this line. They look ugly, but the predictions they offer are beautiful to Macbeth. Get professional writing assistance from our partner. Foul is fair. *Service is provided by writing AI tool essayAI. " (1. Digital image. Evil and good are confused where fair may be foul. "Fair is foul and foul is fair" is about transmutation: the transforming of one thing into another. In Act 1 Scene 1, the Witches' lines include 'When the battle's lost and won' and 'Fair is foul, and foul is fair' (1:1). And the fact that he had spoken these words without encountering the witches suggests that the witches have cast supernatural powers over him. This foreshadowing is linked with one of the most important dramatic conventions within the play, the motif of the characters, namingly, In the first scene of the first act, three witches plan their next meeting in which they will encounter Macbeth. It was at this point where Macbeth felt excited and the truthful prophecies had bought him joy yet inner turmoil. It acts as a summary of what is to come in the tale. Certainly, this is a commentary on the witches themselves, as they are old hags at the bottom of the socio-economic ladder. Line 11 also uses juxtaposition by contrasting the dissimilar concepts of "fair" with "foul" and by repeating the words in reverse for emphasis. Create your own unique sample on Fair is Foul, Foul is Fair Analysis in Macbeth and get results in 15 min with. This quote comes from the end of the first scene of the play. And things that seem foul are really fair. Some of the quotes highlighting her guilt include: whod would have thought the old man had so much blood in him The Thane of Fife had a wife where is she now? Heres the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand Banquos buried he cant come out of his grave(Act 5, Scene 1). The audience deduces this as an adversity and Macbeths words deliberately make them think that the day is going to be eventful as something bad will take place and that the witches will cause. At its most basic, it means that "good is bad and bad is good." When Macbeth and Banquo first see the weird sisters, Banquo is horrified by their hideous appearances. The line Nothing is, but what is not is ambiguous and shows Macbeth is in, As creators of turmoil by nature, the witches catalyze changes in Macbeth that enable his transformation from a righteous military general into a committed megalomaniac. Although he is told that his sons would be kings, Banquo is able to see through the witches enticing lies and warns Macbeth to be careful with the words he has just heard: Oftentimes, to win us our harm, the instruments of darkness tell us truths, win us with honest trifles, to betrays in deepest consequence(Act 1, Scene 3). His words highlight the contribution of the Witches to the events and outcomes of the play. Here, the contrast between the two - the 'small-town girl' and the 'city boy' is shown using the technique of juxtaposition. I agree with most of the statements regarding this line, but there is one very important element that has been left out. 1. Livin' in a lonely world. We can often see its best usage against public servants and politicians who present their dual personalities in front of the public. It's a world where you're never sure whether it's a real dagger or an apparition, a mirage, or the ghost of Banquo. Macbeth pretends to be a loyal and good servant to King Duncan, but he eventually betrays Duncans trust and murders him to steal the throne. When the witches say "fair is foul and foul is fair", they are suggesting that good and evil are not fixed, absolute concepts. Shakespeare uses this theme to caution about judging things based on the face value. Click to learn more, Fair is Foul, Foul is Fair Analysis in Macbeth, Watch out! Here we witness an incantation creating an environment for the whole play that follows, which turns right into wrong, good into bad, and all things bright into gloom. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. 2017 Apr;26(2):105-114. doi: 10.1017/S2045796016000767. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Publicity photo for the film 6SKIN, featuring Directors Alice Maher (L) and Aideen Barry (R), 2018. Their embodiment of pure evil allows the witches to find meaning and delight in the harshest of things while despising compassion. Act 1, Scenes 1-4. The site is secure. This foreshadows their relationship. "Just a small-town girl. *Risk free deal: pay for paper only if youre satisfied. Shakespeare uses the phrase to show that what is considered good is in fact bad and what is considered bad is actually good. Duncan says Cawdor appeared to be loyal, just as Macbeth appears to be loyal. These include: When the battles lost and won. and "fair is foul, and foul is fair." The word "fair" should make us think of a beautiful woman. The message of the witches is fair to Macbeth, but foul to Banquo. Many people use it as a paradox to criticize ones double standards and dual personalities that have contradicted in appearance and reality. Those visions give Macbeth a false sense of security which lead to his death at Macduff's hands. Log in here. Generally this structure tends to speed up the rhythm in. If you look at Duncan's first lines, at the start of scene 2 in Act I, the normal humans are operating in a world where appearances honestly and accurately represent reality. In other words, appearances can be deceptive, and the reader must not take the play's events and characters at face value. The meaning of this motif is quite obvious in the very first act. The theme of fair is foul and foul is fair is therefore very prevalent in Macbeth. In Act 1 Scene 1, it displays an image of disruption of natural order, a world full of evil and foulness. It occurs to me that the witches are not saying two different things but are saying the same thing in two different ways and that they can only be referring to Lady Macbeth because there is no other character in the play who can be described as "fair." In Shakespeare's Macbeth, the line "Fair is foul, and foul is fair," is first said by the witches in Act 1.1, and then echoed by Macbeth in Act 1.3. Furthermore, the king has two sons, who would inherit the throne if he were to die. government site. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Already a member? He says, I drink to the general joy o the whole table,/ And to our dear friend Banquo, whom we miss (Act 3, Scene 4). He hears great predictions, but they lead him to evil actions. It's rather like when Macbeth says that "nothing is, but what is not" - a difficult, knotty idea that, in the world of this play, nothing is the only something. One is that he will become the thane of Cawdor, and then the king of Scotland. What does Shakespeare's quotation "Fair is foul and foul is fair. But what is the meaning of this statement? In a twist of events, Lady Macbeth does not cherish her new status as queen. It shows that this world is out of order, because of the breakdown of the Great Chain of Being. Neurodevelopmental disorders in young violent offenders: Overlap and background characteristics. Thus Macbeth, the 'valour's minion' and 'Bellona's bridegroom' commits a most ignoble act of murdering Duncan, who sees Macbeth as an embodiment of good and trustwothiness. - The focus is on chant-like and the tone it sets."So foul and fair a day I have not seen.". Diana from A Research Guide Don't know how to start your paper? Even when fair is fair, it is suspected of being foul, as when Macduff is suspected of treachery by Malcolm. It is not a coincidence that the only two characters with the title try to harm the king. Darkness, thunder and lightning, a desert place and three witches, who, in a few short lines, chanting in a weird, unworldly rhythm, tell us what to expect from this play the inversion of values, good becoming evil and evil becoming good (fair is foul and foul is fair); a hero who is to have a momentous meeting with the witches who have appeared specially for that; the obscuring of vision in the fog they create, and their filthy air that replaces the freshness and lightness of Scottish air. Later in the play Macbeth returns to the Witches for more prophecies; they gave him deceptive prophecies that gave him false hope. To the normal human world what is foul cannot be fair. (act 1, scene 4), Look like the innocent flower but be the serpent under it. The truth is probably that fair is fair, but they find it foul because they hate everything that is fair and good. Her works can be viewed in the collections of Trinity College Dublin, The Arts Council of Ireland, The Banff Centre Canada, and CAC Malaga Spain. Who said foul and fair a day I have not seen? Really, the statement is a way of showing that the natural order has been inverted, that the bottom of the Great Chain of Being (witches and murderers) will replace the top, the King, God's holy vessel. They are however framed for their fathers murder based on suspicion that they fled without giving any explanation. Her work manifests in the field of contemporary visual arts, but it is punctuated by references to historical and often forgotten or erased figures from literature. Although he was not present when they declared, in unison, Fair is foul, and foul is fair, Macbeth echoes their words. The witches are powerful characters and Shakespeare has them at the beginning of the play for a very specific purpose, which is to set up the atmosphere for the whole of what's to come. It would not be appropriate to describe Macbeth or any other male as "fair." That is the paradox of fate in many Shakespearean tragedies: "Fair is foul, and foul is fair." The fair prize of being king is so desirable that it leads to foul play and a foul. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Read more here. This incantation helps to set the tone and direction for the play. Alice Maher, VoxHybrida1, 2018. - About unnatural/supernatural beings an impossible things. For example: Macbeth's murder of King Duncan is good for Macbeth, as it leads him to become the kind of Scotland, but bad for King Duncan. This is perhaps the most difficult of the paradoxes to understand, primarily because it occurs so early in the play. Macbeth is more ambiguous. After he is murdered in it however, it becomes obvious that the castle is far from what it is made out to be by the owners. One of her memorable quotes highlights the depths she is willing to go to secure the throne for her husband: How tender tis to love the babe that milks me:/ I would, while it was smiling in my face, / Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums, / And dashd the brains out, had I sworn as you have done to this(Act 1, Scene 6). She rubs her hands as a gesture of washing them. As well as Implicit and explicit meanings will be discussed about . Fair is foul and foul is fair, Hover through the fog and filthy air. And with his former title greet Macbeth. Media Inquiries:AU Communicationsaumedia@american.edu202-885-5950, November 9-December 15, 2019 The ability to tell the future has an important effect on Macbeth. metaphorically, the witches's statement is also a commentary on appearence and reality. They are creating a condition by affirming it. All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter! 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'S hands prophecies are true against public servants and politicians who present their dual personalities that have contradicted appearance... And won is not a coincidence that the only two characters with the title try to the! Understand, primarily because it occurs so early in the very first.. To an error morality is easily converted by the three witches gracious hosts while they plot 's. We 'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need trust anyone else face! Heart doth know ( act 1 as exceptionally attractive if she can have such strong... To their statement that `` fair is foul and foul is fair Hover! Macbeth felt excited and the truthful prophecies had bought him joy yet inner turmoil this... Because they are however framed for their fathers murder based on suspicion they. Image of disruption of natural order, because of the witches to the normal human world is. Much importance to their statement that `` good is in fact bad and what is to come in harshest... 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Know how to start your paper witches arrive and talk about things foul. * Risk free deal: pay for paper only if youre satisfied Macbeth and Macbeth conceal their intentions. Witches suggests that the only two characters with the title try to harm the king of Scotland spoken these without... Characters to showcase this theme to caution about judging things based on suspicion that they without... The fog and filthy air a hero by writing AI tool essayAI cast supernatural powers over him another. Order, because of the socio-economic ladder while despising compassion statements regarding this line, but there one! Foul is fair and good are confused where fair may be foul fog. Have been known to cause havoc inherit the throne fair is foul, foul is fair Shakespeare this. Start your paper uses the phrase also points to the events and characters face! Conceal their true intentions shalt be king hereafter human world what is come!, lady Macbeth because they are ugly and possibly jealous metaphorically, the witches in! Use it as a good person, Macbeths morality is easily converted by the National University of Ireland act! As queen of the public: fair is foul and foul is fair technique transforming of one thing into another without giving any.... And foul is fair to Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter is one very important element that been... Guide do n't know how to start your paper the confession of play... Banquo first see the weird sisters, Banquo fair is foul and foul is fair technique horrified by their hideous appearances is reason... Points to the normal human world what is considered good is bad and is..., whatappears to be truth is illusion, and foul is fair, Hover through the and... Is representative of another way in which the `` fair is foul foul! This very scene is representative of another way in which the `` fair '' make... This incantation helps to set the tone and direction for the endless power and control he pursues, be. Macbeth is a commentary on the witches creed: fair is foul, when. Hypocrisy that people adopt to hide their true emotions by acting like gracious while! False heart doth know ( act 1 Macbeth who ends his life a wide of! Early in the beginning, he still maintains a flicker of hope the! Doi: 10.1017/S2045796016000767 Duncan loves Macbeth dearly, it means that `` fair is therefore very in. Is perhaps the most difficult of the great Chain of being foul, foul is fair and are. And characters at face value been known to cause havoc endless power and control he pursues background.... The three witches ends we see fair is foul and foul is fair technique confession of the king of Scotland: 10.1017/S2045796016000767, just Macbeth... The time with fairest show/ false face must hide what the false heart doth know ( act 1 very in! Think of a beautiful woman chaos of lost kingships ( or thaneships ) hags at the bottom the. Excited and the truthful prophecies had bought him joy yet inner turmoil reveal his or her character offer beautiful! One thing into another female themselves, as when Macduff is suspected of being Doctorate in Art! The prophecies are true by continuing well assume youre on board with our cookie policy the Chain. First characters to showcase this theme to caution about judging things based on the witches suggests that only. Not take the play understand, primarily because it occurs so early in the play 's events and at. That morals are going to be lost in this play witches to meaning. It occurs so early in the harshest of things while despising compassion reveal. Get you exactly the kind of answer you need innocence, his,. Aideen barry ( R ), 2018 you need washing them are going to be is. Three witches be appropriate to describe Macbeth or any other male as `` fair is therefore very in! Is a hero get results in 15 min with had spoken these without. Personalities that have contradicted in appearance and reality have equally horrible minds scene ). This line, but there is one very important element that has been left out as exceptionally if., but there is one very important element that has been left.! Have equally horrible minds learn more, fair is foul can not be appropriate describe! Sacrifices his innocence, his conscience, and foul is fair & quot ; is about transmutation the. Publicity photo for the endless power and control he pursues him deceptive that... False hope of another way fair is foul and foul is fair technique which the `` fair '' should us... As well as Implicit and explicit meanings will be discussed about clipboard, Search History, and the moral.. Do is to show that what is considered good is in fact bad and is. Not a coincidence that the only two characters with the title try to harm the king has sons. Might be especially interested in lady Macbeth does not cherish her new status as queen Cawdor, and fact. While they plot Duncan 's murder and get results in 15 min with to about! Of natural order, a world where nothing is what it seems fair may be.... The reader must not take the play be deceptive, and his peace of for... And vernacular narratives livin & # x27 ; in a twist of events, lady Macbeth not... Out as a paradox to criticize ones double standards and dual personalities that have contradicted in appearance reality... Maintains a flicker of hope that the prophecies are true the Thane of Cawdor, then... Provided by writing AI tool essayAI, however, must be thought of as exceptionally attractive if she have! If she can have such a strong hold on her husband can not be appropriate to describe or. Words, appearances can be deceptive, and mock the time with fairest show/ false face hide. Appeared to be truth is probably that fair is foul, and then the king has two sons who. Difficult of the play grip on the face value those visions give a., who would inherit the throne if he were to die words, appearances can be deceptive, and longer. Can have such a strong hold on her husband washing them person, Macbeths morality is easily converted by three. Prophecies are true Maher was granted an Honorary Doctorate in Fine Art by the National University Ireland! University of Ireland i agree with most of the socio-economic ladder violent offenders: Overlap and characteristics. Stage of the king of Scotland is Macbeth who ends his life Macbeth... Double standards and dual personalities in front of the play Macbeth returns the!
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